Two-year-olds consolidate verb meanings during a nap.
Two-year-olds consolidate verb meanings during a nap.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104205
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Arunachalam, Sudha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, Angela Xiaoxue;Huang, Shirley;Waxman, Sandra;Arunachalam, Sudha
成功的单词学习需要建立一个足够强大以保留在记忆中的初始表示。睡眠对记忆巩固有着深远的优势，但关于睡眠对幼儿单词学习的影响的证据很少，而且几乎只集中在学习名词上。动词在表征上更复杂，并且通常从非并发的语言和观察信息（例如，在倾倒事件发生之前听到“让我们倒你的牛奶”）。目前尚不清楚的是，以这种方式构建的初始表征是否足够强大，足以维持延迟，以及这些表征如何受到睡眠的影响。我们向两岁的奥尔兹提供了关于新动词的非并发语言和观察信息，并通过评估他们在看潜在参照物时的眼睛注视来立即测试他们对动词含义的知识。然后，在4小时的延迟之后，其中一半的孩子小睡了一会儿，另一半保持清醒，我们重新测试他们，看看他们是否记住了动词的含义。结果表明，在延迟之前和之后，两岁奥尔兹对一个新动词的表征存在差异;具体来说，如果他们午睡，他们的动词表征经受住了4小时的延迟，但如果他们保持清醒，则会衰减。
Successful word learning requires establishing an initial representation that is sufficiently robust to be retained in memory. Sleep has profound advantages for memory consolidation, but evidence concerning the effects of sleep in young children's word learning is slim and focuses almost exclusively on learning nouns. Verbs are representationally more complex and are often learned from non-concurrent linguistic and observational information (e.g., hearing “let's pour your milk” before the pouring event takes place). What remains unknown is whether initial representations built this way are robust enough to sustain a delay, and how these representations are affected by sleep. We presented two-year-olds with non-concurrent linguistic and observational information about novel verbs and immediately tested their knowledge of the verbs' meanings by evaluating their eye gaze as they looked at potential referents. Then, after a 4-hour delay during which half of the children napped and half remained awake, we retested them to see if they remembered the verbs' meanings. The results demonstrate differences in two-year-olds' representations of a novel verb before and after the delay; specifically, their verb representations withstood the 4-hour delay if they had napped, but decayed if they had remained awake.
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DOI：
10.1080/01690965.2011.641744
发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
Language and cognitive processes
影响因子：
--
作者：
Arunachalam S;Escovar E;Hansen MA;Waxman SR
通讯作者：
Waxman SR
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Arunachalam, Sudha
通讯作者：
Arunachalam, Sudha
影响因子：
4
作者：
Jaswal, VK;Markman, EM
通讯作者：
Markman, EM
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Dautriche, Isabelle;Cristia, Alejandrina;Christophe, Anne
通讯作者：
Christophe, Anne
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Goodman, JC;McDonough, L;Brown, NB
通讯作者：
Brown, NB