Long-term economic costs of psychological problems during childhood.
Long-term economic costs of psychological problems during childhood.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.046
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发表时间：
2010-07
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Smith, Gillian C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, James Patrick;Smith, Gillian C.
儿童心理疾病，包括抑郁症和药物滥用，是美国儿童日益关注的问题，但其长期的经济成本是未知的。本文使用来自美国收入动态小组研究（PSID）的独特数据，对兄弟姐妹及其父母进行长达40年的前瞻性收集教育，收入，工作和婚姻信息。跟随兄弟姐妹提供了一个控制未观察到的家庭和邻里影响的机会。由作者设计的回顾性儿童健康史被放入2007年的PSID波中，测量受访者是否患有14种儿童身体疾病中的任何一种，或者患有抑郁症，药物滥用或其他心理疾病。受影响儿童成年后工作和挣钱的能力受到很大影响。教育成就减少，成年家庭收入减少20%，即每年减少10，400美元，家庭资产减少18，000美元。收入损失的部分原因是每年工作时间减少了7周。结婚的可能性也降低了11%。控制身体的儿童疾病表明，这些影响不是由于心理和身体疾病的共存，估计控制内兄弟姐妹的差异表明，这些影响不是由于未观察到的共同的家庭差异。儿童心理问题造成的长期经济损失是巨大的--一生的家庭收入损失约为30万美元，所有受影响者一生的总经济损失为2.1万亿美元。
Childhood psychological conditions including depression and substance abuse are a growing concern among American children, but their long-term economic costs are unknown. This paper uses unique data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) following groups of siblings and their parents for up to 40 years prospectively collecting information on education, income, work, and marriage. Following siblings offers an opportunity to control for unobserved family and neighborhood effects. A retrospective child health history designed by the author was placed into the 2007 PSID wave measuring whether respondents had any of 14 childhood physical illnesses or suffered from depression, substance abuse, or other psychological conditions. Large effects are found on the ability of affected children to work and earn as adults. Educational accomplishments are diminished, and adult family incomes are reduced by 20% or $10,400 per year with $18,000 less family household assets. Lost income is a partly a consequence of seven fewer weeks worked per year. There is also an 11 percentage point lower probability of being married. Controlling for physical childhood diseases shows that these effects are not due to the co-existence of psychological and physical diseases, and estimates controlling for within-sibling differences demonstrate that these effects are not due to unobserved common family differences. The long-term economic damages of childhood psychological problems are large—a lifetime cost in lost family income of approximately $300,000, and total lifetime economic cost for all those affected of 2.1 trillion dollars.
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DOI：
10.1097/00043764-200103000-00009
发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Kessler, RC;Greenberg, PE;Wang, PS
通讯作者：
Wang, PS
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Wichstrom, L
通讯作者：
Wichstrom, L
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Currie, J;Stabile, M
通讯作者：
Stabile, M
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Fitzgerald, J;Gottschalk, P;Moffitt, R
通讯作者：
Moffitt, R
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Kovacs, M;Goldston, D;Bonar, LK
通讯作者：
Bonar, LK