Insights into disparities observed with COVID-19.
Insights into disparities observed with COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1111/joim.13199
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Carethers, J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carethers, J. M.
关键词：
人类感染引起COVID-19的SARS-CoV-2而发病，揭示了疾病严重程度的风险因素。有四个确定的因素使一个人处于感染和/或死亡的高风险中，从而产生差异：年龄，合并症，种族/民族和性别。数据表明，年龄越大，和/或肥胖和糖尿病、心血管疾病和慢性肾脏疾病的存在使人患COVID-19的风险越高。在美国，特定种族/民族，尤其是非洲裔美国人和美洲原住民，是COVID-19的主要风险因素。男性也成为一个严重的风险因素。对于年龄和人种/种族，健康合并症的累积是常见的诱发机制。特别是，美国的潜在社会经济结构可能会推动合并症的发展，使受影响人群面临更高的严重COVID-19风险。在患有COVID-19的非洲裔美国人中，由常见钠通道变异引发的心脏性猝死尚未被评估为种族差异的原因。没有证据表明COVID-19的种族/民族差异是由ABO血型、血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂的使用或SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白中的氨基酸取代引起的。越来越多的证据表明，雄激素激活的ACE 2受体和丝氨酸蛋白酶TMPRSS 2的表达，这两个允许SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白参与感染的元件，可能导致男性严重的COVID-19。总体而言，COVID-19在感染者和感染严重程度方面产生了差异。了解这种差异的机制将有助于消除COVID-19风险的差异。
The onset of human disease by infection with SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 has revealed risk factors for disease severity. There are four identified factors that puts one at high-risk for infection and/or mortality creating a disparity: age, comorbidities, race/ethnicity, and gender. Data indicate that the older a person is, and/or the presence of obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease place one at higher risk for COVID-19. In the United States, specific race/ethnicities, particularly African Americans and Native Americans, are strong COVID-19 risk components. Male gender has also emerged as a severity risk factor. For age and racial/ethnicities, the accumulation of health comorbidities are common precipitating mechanisms. In particular, underlying socioeconomic structures in the United States likely drive development of comorbidities, putting affected populations at higher risk for severe COVID-19. Sudden cardiac death triggered by a common sodium channel variant in African Americans with COVID-19 has not been evaluated as a cause for racial disparity. There is no evidence that racial/ethnic differences for COVID-19 are caused by ABO blood groups, use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, or from amino acid substitutions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. There is growing evidence that androgen-enabled expression of ACE2 receptors and the serine protease TMPRSS2, two permissive elements engaging the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for infection, may contribute to severe COVID-19 in men. Overall, COVID-19 has generated disparities for who is infected and the severity of that infection. Understanding the mechanisms for the disparity will help nullify the differences in risk for COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40615-020-00833-4
发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
Zand, Ramin
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
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影响因子：
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Witte JS
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
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Jonigk, Danny
影响因子：
8.4
作者：
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