What is the role of astrocyte calcium in neurophysiology?
What is the role of astrocyte calcium in neurophysiology?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.004
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发表时间：
2008-09-25
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
McCarthy, Ken D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agulhon, Cendra;Petravicz, Jeremy;McMullen, Allison B.;Sweger, Elizabeth J.;Minton, Suzanne K.;Taves, Sarah R.;Casper, Kristen B.;Fiacco, Todd A.;McCarthy, Ken D.
星形胶质细胞约占成年哺乳动物脑体积的一半，是主要的神经元结构和营养支持元件。星形胶质细胞被组织成不同的非重叠结构域，并延伸出与突触和血管系统密切相互作用的精致而致密的精细过程。在20世纪90年代中期认识到，星形胶质细胞经历的G蛋白偶联受体的突触释放的神经递质激活后，细胞内钙离子浓度的升高表明，不仅星形胶质细胞显示一种形式的兴奋性，但也表明星形胶质细胞可能是积极参与大脑信息处理。近年来，星形胶质细胞钙离子升高在神经生理学，特别是在神经元活动的调节中所起的作用已被深入研究。本文综述了星形胶质细胞钙信号在神经生理过程中的作用，并讨论了星形胶质细胞的作用仍然存在争议的领域，因此将受益于进一步的研究。
Astrocytes comprise approximately half of the volume of the adult mammalian brain and are the primary neuronal structural and trophic supportive elements. Astrocytes are organized into distinct nonoverlapping domains and extend elaborate and dense fine processes that interact intimately with synapses and cerebrovasculature. The recognition in the mid 1990s that astrocytes undergo elevations in intracellular calcium concentration following activation of G protein-coupled receptors by synaptically released neurotransmitters demonstrated not only that astrocytes display a form of excitability but also that astrocytes may be active participants in brain information processing. The roles that astrocytic calcium elevations play in neurophysiology and especially in modulation of neuronal activity have been intensely researched in recent years. This review will summarize the current understanding of the function of astrocytic calcium signaling in neurophysiological processes and discuss areas where the role of astrocytes remains controversial and will therefore benefit from further study.
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