Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer.

Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer.
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DOI:
10.3389/fonc.2020.607909
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Harvey BJ
Harvey BJ
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Abancens M;Bustos V;Harvey H;McBryan J;Harvey BJ

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男性的结直肠癌(CRC)发病率高于女性。患有结直肠癌的年轻女性(18-44岁)与同龄男性或老年女性(50岁以上)相比,生存结果更好,这表明全球结直肠癌发病率和存活率中存在性别二型性。这表明性类固醇激素雌激素在结直肠癌的发生中具有保护作用。结直肠癌发生中的关键增殖途径表现为性别二型性,它通过雌激素调节的基因和细胞信号使女性获得更好的生存。雌激素调节一类Kv通道(KCNQ1:KCNE3)的活性,该通道通过与Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路的双向相互作用控制结肠和上皮间质转化的基本离子转运功能。雌激素还通过新的膜雌激素受体GPER、HIF1a和血管内皮生长因子信号调节低氧条件下的CRC增殖反应。在这里,我们对肿瘤微环境、雌激素、Wnt/β-catenin信号、离子通道和X连锁基因调控的结直肠癌生物学性二型性的临床和分子方面的最新研究进展进行了综述。
A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18–44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females through estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia via the novel membrane estrogen receptor GPER and HIF1A and VEGF signaling. Here we critically review recent clinical and molecular insights into sexual dimorphism of CRC biology modulated by the tumor microenvironment, estrogen, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, ion channels, and X-linked genes.
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