Evaluation strategies for case series: is Cox regression an alternative to the self controlled case series method for terminal events?

Evaluation strategies for case series: is Cox regression an alternative to the self controlled case series method for terminal events?
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病例系列的评估策略:Cox 回归是否可以替代终端事件的自控病例系列方法?

DOI:
10.1007/s10182-011-0187-9
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hecker
Hecker
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kuhnert;Schlaud;Hecker

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在本文中,我们进行案例系列分析。开发自我对照病例系列方法(SCCS)来分析随时间变化的暴露与结果事件之间的时间关联。我们将 SCCS 方法应用于德国儿童和青少年考试调查 (KiGGS) 的疫苗接种数据。我们说明标准 SCCS 方法不能应用于死亡等临终事件。在这种情况下,针对终端事件调整的 SCCS 扩展给出了无偏点估计器。本文的关键问题是,时间相关协变量的通用 Cox 回归模型是否可以替代针对最终事件的调整 SCCS 方法。与 SCCS 方法相比,Cox 回归包含在大多数软件包(SPSS、SAS、STATA、R 等)中,并且易于使用。我们可以证明 Cox 回归适用于检验原假设。在我们没有审查数据的 KiGGS 示例中,Cox 回归和调整后的 SCCS 方法屈服点估计几乎与标准 SCCS 方法相同。我们进行了多次模拟研究来完成两种方法的比较。 Cox 回归显示出低估真实影响的倾向,因为风险期较长且影响较大(相对发生率 >2)。如果事件的风险受年龄的影响很大,则调整后的 SCCS 方法会稍微高估预定义的暴露效应。 Cox回归在模拟中与调整后的SCCS方法具有相同的效率。
In this paper, we deal with the analysis of case series. The self-controlled case series method (SCCS) was developed to analyse the temporal association between time-varying exposure and an outcome event. We apply the SCCS method to the vaccination data of the German Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). We illustrate that the standard SCCS method cannot be applied to terminal events such as death. In this situation, an extension of SCCS adjusted for terminal events gives unbiased point estimators. The key question of this paper is whether the general Cox regression model for time-dependent covariates may be an alternative to the adjusted SCCS method for terminal events. In contrast to the SCCS method, Cox regression is included in most software packages (SPSS, SAS, STATA, R, …) and it is easy to use. We can show that Cox regression is applicable to test the null hypothesis. In our KiGGS example without censored data, the Cox regression and the adjusted SCCS method yield point estimates almost identical to the standard SCCS method. We have conducted several simulation studies to complete the comparison of the two methods. The Cox regression shows a tendency to underestimate the true effect with prolonged risk periods and strong effects (Relative Incidence >2). If risk of the event is strongly affected by the age, the adjusted SCCS method slightly overestimates the predefined exposure effect. Cox regression has the same efficiency as the adjusted SCCS method in the simulation.
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