Adolescents' Concerns About School Violence or Shootings and Association With Depressive, Anxiety, and Panic Symptoms.
Adolescents' Concerns About School Violence or Shootings and Association With Depressive, Anxiety, and Panic Symptoms.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32131
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Leventhal AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riehm KE;Mojtabai R;Adams LB;Krueger EA;Mattingly DT;Nestadt PS;Leventhal AM
是否报告了对与青少年内化问题有关的校园暴力或枪击事件的关切？在一项对2263名青少年的队列研究中，对校园暴力或枪击事件的更多关注与6个月后报告广泛性焦虑和恐慌症状的几率增加有关。对校园暴力的关注和抑郁症状之间没有总体关联。这些发现表明，对校园暴力或枪击事件的担忧可能是青少年内化问题的一个风险因素，可能需要公共卫生关注。这项队列研究探讨了美国青少年对校园枪击事件的关注，担忧和压力与抑郁症，广泛性焦虑症或恐慌症之间的关系。在过去的十年里，美国青少年的内化问题的普遍性有所上升。对校园暴力或枪击事件的担忧在多大程度上与内化问题的风险有关尚不清楚。研究与校园暴力或枪击事件相关的关注、担忧和压力与内化问题的潜在关联，并研究关联程度的性别、种族和民族差异。这项纵向队列研究涉及2015年至2016年间隔6个月进行的3项调查（11年级[基线前]的下降; 11年级[基线]的春季;和12年级[随访]的下降）。参与者包括来自加州洛杉矶10所高中的2263名学生。分析于2020年4月29日至2021年4月8日进行。基线自我报告的关于学生学校或其他学校的枪击或暴力的关注，担心和压力水平，每个等级为5分制（范围从根本没有[0]到非常[4]），平均得分计算为3项复合指数，重新调整为z得分标准差单位。在6个月随访时，基于修订的儿童焦虑和抑郁量表的症状评级，重度抑郁症、广泛性焦虑症或惊恐障碍超过临床显著或边缘显著阈值。在分析的2263名学生中，（1 250名[55.2%]女孩;平均[SD]年龄，16.5 [0.4]岁），相当比例的患者报告非常或极度担忧（2226人中有850人[38.2%]）、担心（2209人中有703人[31.8%]）或感到压力（2183人中有332人[15.2%]）的学校或其他学校发生枪击或暴力事件。校正基线前协变量后，对校园暴力或枪击事件的担忧与临床显著的广泛性焦虑症状相关（比值比[OR]，1.31; 95% CI，1.15-1.50）和惊恐症状（OR，1.18; 95%CI，1.05-1.32），但在6个月随访时没有抑郁症状（OR，1.13; 95%CI，0.99-1.30）。黑人青年对校园暴力或枪击事件的关注与抑郁症状之间存在显着关联（OR，3.15; 95% CI，1.38-7.19）和非西班牙裔/拉丁裔白色青年（OR，1.62 [95% CI，1.25-2.09]），但不适用于其他种族和民族的青年（亚裔的OR，1.26 [95%CI，0.86-1.85];西班牙裔/拉丁裔的OR，0.94 [95%CI，0.76-1.16];其他人的OR，0.93 [95%CI，0.54-1.61]）。性别并没有缓和这些协会。这项研究的结果表明，关注，担心和压力有关的校园暴力或枪击事件可能是青少年内化问题的风险因素，与种族/民族的关联强度的变化。
Is reported concern about school violence or shootings associated with internalizing problems among adolescents? In a cohort study of 2263 adolescents, greater concern about school violence or shootings was prospectively associated with increased odds of reporting generalized anxiety and panic symptoms 6 months later. There was no overall association between concern about school violence and depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that concerns about school violence or shootings might be a risk factor for internalizing problems among adolescents that may warrant public health attention. This cohort study examines the association between concern, worry, and stress about school shootings and depression, generalized anxiety disorder, or panic disorder among US adolescents. The prevalence of internalizing problems among US adolescents has risen in the past decade. The extent to which concerns about school violence or shootings are associated with risk of internalizing problems is unknown. To examine the prospective association of concern, worry, and stress related to school violence or shootings with internalizing problems and to examine sex and racial and ethnic differences in the magnitude of the associations. This longitudinal cohort study involved 3 surveys administered 6 months apart (fall of grade 11 [prebaseline]; spring of grade 11 [baseline]; and fall of grade 12 [follow-up]) from 2015 to 2016. Participants included 2263 students from 10 high schools in Los Angeles, California. Analyses were performed from April 29, 2020, to April 8, 2021. Baseline self-reported level of concern, worry, and stress about shootings or violence at the student’s school or other schools, each rated on 5-point scales (ranging from not at all [0] to extremely [4]) with a mean score calculated as a 3-item composite index rescaled into z-score standard deviation units. Surpassing clinically significant or borderline significant thresholds for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or panic disorder based on symptom ratings on the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale at 6-month follow-up. Of the 2263 students included in the analyses (1250 [55.2%] girls; mean [SD] age, 16.5 [0.4] years), appreciable proportions reported being very or extremely concerned (850 0f 2226 [38.2%]), worried (703 of 2209 [31.8%]), or stressed (332 of 2183 [15.2%]) about shootings or violence at their school or other schools. After adjusting for prebaseline covariates, concerns about school violence or shootings were associated with clinically significant generalized anxiety symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15-1.50) and panic symptoms (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.32), but not depressive symptoms (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.99-1.30) at the 6-month follow-up. There was a significant association between concern with school violence or shootings and depressive symptoms for Black youth (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.38-7.19) and non-Hispanic/Latinx White youth (OR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.25-2.09]) but not for youth of other races and ethnicities (OR for Asian, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.86-1.85]; OR for Hispanic/Latinx, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.76-1.16]; OR for other, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.54-1.61]). Sex did not moderate these associations. The findings of this study suggest that concern, worry, and stress related to school violence or shootings may be risk factors for internalizing problems among adolescents, with variation in the strength of the association by race/ethnicity.
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.2015.8950
发表时间：
2015-08-18
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Leventhal AM;Strong DR;Kirkpatrick MG;Unger JB;Sussman S;Riggs NR;Stone MD;Khoddam R;Samet JM;Audrain-McGovern J
通讯作者：
Audrain-McGovern J
影响因子：
8
作者：
Goodman, E;Adler, NE;Colditz, GA
通讯作者：
Colditz, GA
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Nijs, Miesje M.;Bun, Clothilde J. E.;Boks, Marco P. M.
通讯作者：
Boks, Marco P. M.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Mrug, Sylvie;Loosier, Penny S.;Windle, Michael
通讯作者：
Windle, Michael
影响因子：
64.3
作者：
Fazel, Mina;Hoagwood, Kimberly;Ford, Tamsin
通讯作者：
Ford, Tamsin