Cell-free synthetic biology: thinking outside the cell.

Cell-free synthetic biology: thinking outside the cell.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ymben.2011.09.002
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发表时间:
2012-05
影响因子:
8.4
通讯作者:
Jewett, Michael C.
Jewett, Michael C.
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hodgman, C. Eric;Jewett, Michael C.

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无细胞合成生物学正在成为一种强大的技术,旨在了解,利用和扩展自然生物系统的能力,而不使用完整的细胞。无细胞系统绕过细胞壁并去除遗传调节,从而能够直接进入细胞的内部工作。相对于体内系统,前所未有的控制水平和设计自由度激发了近年来无细胞系统工程基础的快速发展。这些努力已经导致编程电路,空间组织的途径,共激活的催化合奏,合成多酶途径的合理优化,以及从微升到100升规模的线性可扩展性。现在很清楚,无细胞系统提供了一个多功能的测试平台,用于理解为什么大自然的设计以它们的方式工作,并使生物合成路线成为新型化学品,可持续燃料和新型可调材料。尽管挑战依然存在,但无细胞系统的出现为开发新产品开辟了道路,而这些新产品到目前为止还不切实际,如果不是不可能的话,通过其他方式生产。
Cell-free synthetic biology is emerging as a powerful technology aimed to understand, harness, and expand the capabilities of natural biological systems without using intact cells. Cell-free systems bypass cell walls and remove genetic regulation to enable direct access to the inner workings of the cell. The unprecedented level of control and freedom of design, relative to in vivo systems, has inspired the rapid development of engineering foundations for cell-free systems in recent years. These efforts have led to programmed circuits, spatially organized pathways, co-activated catalytic ensembles, rational optimization of synthetic multi-enzyme pathways, and linear scalability from the micro-liter to the 100-liter scale. It is now clear that cell-free systems offer a versatile test-bed for understanding why nature’s designs work the way they do and also for enabling biosynthetic routes to novel chemicals, sustainable fuels, and new classes of tunable materials. While challenges remain, the emergence of cell-free systems is poised to open the way to novel products that until now have been impractical—if not impossible—to produce by other means.
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