Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes.
Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature08016
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发表时间：
2009-05-21
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Shih, William M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Douglas, Shawn M.;Dietz, Hendrik;Liedl, Tim;Hoegberg, Bjoern;Graf, Franziska;Shih, William M.
分子自组装提供了一种“自下而上”的方法，可以从简单的组件制造出精确到亚纳米级的复杂结构。DNA已被证明是一种可编程构建此类对象的通用构件，包括二维晶体、纳米管和三维线框纳米多面体。先前已经展示了以模板形式将DNA自组装成百万吨级的定制二维形状的过程，这种模板是通过与数百个寡核苷酸“订书链”的相互作用，将一个几千碱基的“支架链”折叠成一个反平行的螺旋平面阵列。在这里，我们将这种方法扩展到构建自定义的三维形状，这些形状由约束在蜂窝网格上的螺旋折叠层形成。我们展示了大约六种形状的纳米结构的设计和组装--整体、方形螺母、铁栏桥、精灵瓶、堆叠交叉、开槽交叉--其尺寸精确控制在10到100纳米之间。我们还展示了同质多聚体线性轨道和异质三聚体线框二十面体等结构的分层组装。正确的组装需要长达一周的折叠时间和校准的单价和二价阳离子浓度。我们预计，我们的自组装定制三维形状的策略将为制造具有纳米级特征的复杂设备提供一条一般路线。
Molecular self-assembly offers a ‘bottom-up’ route to fabrication with subnanometre precision of complex structures from simple components. DNA has proven a versatile building block for programmable construction of such objects, including two-dimensional crystals, nanotubes, and three-dimensional wireframe nanopolyhedra. Templated self-assembly of DNA into custom two-dimensional shapes on the megadalton scale has been demonstrated previously with a multiple-kilobase ‘scaffold strand’ that is folded into a flat array of antiparallel helices by interactions with hundreds of oligonucleotide ‘staple strands’. Here we extend this method to building custom three-dimensional shapes formed as pleated layers of helices constrained to a honeycomb lattice. We demonstrate the design and assembly of nanostructures approximating six shapes — monolith, square nut, railed bridge, genie bottle, stacked cross, slotted cross — with precisely controlled dimensions ranging from 10 to 100 nm. We also show hierarchical assembly of structures such as homomultimeric linear tracks and of heterotrimeric wireframe icosahedra. Proper assembly requires week-long folding times and calibrated monovalent and divalent cation concentrations. We anticipate that our strategy for self-assembling custom three-dimensional shapes will provide a general route to the manufacture of sophisticated devices bearing features on the nanometer scale.
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