Complementing the Sugar Code: Role of GAGs and Sialic Acid in Complement Regulation.

Complementing the Sugar Code: Role of GAGs and Sialic Acid in Complement Regulation.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2015.00025
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Clark SJ
Clark SJ
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Langford-Smith A;Day AJ;Bishop PN;Clark SJ

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糖分子对微生物和哺乳动物细胞都起着至关重要的作用,它们参与细胞通讯、控制微生物毒力、调节宿主免疫和炎症反应。补体级联作为宿主先天免疫系统的一部分,是对抗入侵细菌的有效武器,但必须受到严格调节,以防止对宿主组织的不当攻击和损害。许多补体调节剂(例如 H 因子和备解素)与宿主和病原体膜上的糖分子(例如糖胺聚糖 (GAG) 和唾液酸)相互作用,并通过促进补体激活剂或抑制剂的结合来指导适当的补体反应。这些补体调节剂与糖分子的结合可能因位置而异,因为它们具有不同的特异性,并且因为在不同的人体器官(例如大脑、肾脏和眼睛)中发现了不同的结构和功能糖亚群。这篇综述将涵盖最近的研究,这些研究为 GAG 和唾液酸在补体调节中的作用以及糖识别在疾病中如何受到损害提供了重要的新见解。
Sugar molecules play a vital role on both microbial and mammalian cells, where they are involved in cellular communication, govern microbial virulence, and modulate host immunity and inflammatory responses. The complement cascade, as part of a host’s innate immune system, is a potent weapon against invading bacteria but has to be tightly regulated to prevent inappropriate attack and damage to host tissues. A number of complement regulators, such as factor H and properdin, interact with sugar molecules, such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and sialic acid, on host and pathogen membranes and direct the appropriate complement response by either promoting the binding of complement activators or inhibitors. The binding of these complement regulators to sugar molecules can vary from location to location, due to their different specificities and because distinct structural and functional subpopulations of sugars are found in different human organs, such as the brain, kidney, and eye. This review will cover recent studies that have provided important new insights into the role of GAGs and sialic acid in complement regulation and how sugar recognition may be compromised in disease.
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