Complementing the Sugar Code: Role of GAGs and Sialic Acid in Complement Regulation.
Complementing the Sugar Code: Role of GAGs and Sialic Acid in Complement Regulation.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2015.00025
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
Clark SJ
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Langford-Smith A;Day AJ;Bishop PN;Clark SJ
Sugar molecules play a vital role on both microbial and mammalian cells, where they are involved in cellular communication, govern microbial virulence, and modulate host immunity and inflammatory responses. The complement cascade, as part of a host’s innate immune system, is a potent weapon against invading bacteria but has to be tightly regulated to prevent inappropriate attack and damage to host tissues. A number of complement regulators, such as factor H and properdin, interact with sugar molecules, such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and sialic acid, on host and pathogen membranes and direct the appropriate complement response by either promoting the binding of complement activators or inhibitors. The binding of these complement regulators to sugar molecules can vary from location to location, due to their different specificities and because distinct structural and functional subpopulations of sugars are found in different human organs, such as the brain, kidney, and eye. This review will cover recent studies that have provided important new insights into the role of GAGs and sialic acid in complement regulation and how sugar recognition may be compromised in disease.
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