Transintestinal cholesterol excretion: A secondary, nonbiliary pathway contributing to reverse cholesterol transport.
Transintestinal cholesterol excretion: A secondary, nonbiliary pathway contributing to reverse cholesterol transport.
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DOI：
10.1002/hep.29341
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发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tso P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang DQ;Portincasa P;Tso P
胆固醇是细胞膜的重要组成部分。然而，当过量的胆固醇在细胞内积累时，它就变成了细胞毒性。由于主要组织中几乎所有的细胞都需要胆固醇的持续供应，因此体内形成了一系列复杂的生物合成、运输和调节机制。胆固醇可以从饮食和胆汁的肠道吸收中获得，也可以从体内乙酰辅酶A的新生生物合成中获得。因为人体细胞不具有降解胆固醇环结构的酶，这种甾醇不能被代谢成二氧化碳和水。因此，过量的胆固醇必须排出体外，以防止潜在的危险积聚在体内。为了完成这一任务，胆固醇通常以未改变的分子形式从体内排出，或者转化为胆汁酸和类固醇激素等其他固醇产物后排出。因此，胆固醇在体内的净积累很少，但总是有足够的胆固醇来满足各种组织的代谢需要。传统意义上，逆向胆固醇转运（RCT）包括将积聚在外周组织内的过量胆固醇转运回肝脏，由胆汁排泄到粪便中（图1）。在20世纪50年代末，提出了一种新的RCT非胆道运输途径，(1)通过证明肠道也显著促进大量粪便中性固醇（FNS）的排泄，挑战了RCT的经典观点；
Cholesterol is an important component of cellular membranes. However, when excess cholesterol is accumulated within the cell, it becomes cytotoxic. Because almost all cells in the major tissues need a continuous supply of cholesterol, a complex series of biosynthetic, transport, and regulatory mechanisms have evolved in the body. Cholesterol can be obtained from the intestinal absorption derived from diet and bile as well as the de novo biosynthesis from acetyl coenzyme A within the body. Because human cells do not possess enzymes to degrade the ring structure of cholesterol, this sterol cannot be metabolized to CO2 and water. Thus, excess cholesterol must be excreted to prevent a potentially hazardous accumulation in the body. To achieve this task, cholesterol is usually excreted from the body either as an unaltered molecule or after conversion to other sterol products such as bile acids and steroid hormones. Consequently, there is little net accumulation of cholesterol in the body, and yet sufficient cholesterol is always available to meet the metabolic needs of the various tissues.Classically, the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) encompasses the transporting of excess cholesterol accumulating within peripheral tissues back to the liver for biliary excretion into the feces (Fig. 1). In the late 1950s, a novel nonbiliary transport route for RCT was proposed,(1) challenging this classic view of RCT by demonstrating that the intestine also significantly contributes to mass fecal neutral sterol (FNS) excretion,
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影响因子：
29
作者：
Temel RE;Sawyer JK;Yu L;Lord C;Degirolamo C;McDaniel A;Marshall S;Wang N;Shah R;Rudel LL;Brown JM
通讯作者：
Brown JM
DOI：
10.1161/atvbaha.116.308558
发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
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影响因子：
158.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
29.4
作者：
de Boer, Jan Freark;Schonewille, Marleen;Groen, Albert K.
通讯作者：
Groen, Albert K.