Remembrance of things practiced with fast and slow learning in cortical and subcortical pathways.
Remembrance of things practiced with fast and slow learning in cortical and subcortical pathways.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-020-19788-5
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发表时间：
2020-12-23
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Escola GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murray JM;Escola GS
运动技能的学习会在多个时间尺度上展开，最初的表现会迅速提高，随后在较长的时间内行为会变得更加精致、习惯和自动化。虽然最近的损伤和失活实验提供了关于不同大脑区域如何有助于这种学习的线索，但它们的确切作用和它们背后的神经机制尚不清楚。在这项工作中，我们提出了运动皮层、丘脑和纹状体支持运动学习的神经和电路水平机制。在该模型中，快速皮层学习和慢速皮层下学习的结合产生了一个隐蔽的学习过程，通过该过程，行为的控制逐渐从皮层回路转移到皮层下回路，同时保护反复练习的学习行为不被未来的学习覆盖。总之，这些结果表明丘脑在运动学习中的新计算作用，更广泛地说，为理解习惯形成的神经基础和通过实践实现行为自动化提供了一个框架。令人惊讶的是，在练习熟练的运动行为时，运动皮层变得越来越少参与。这是通过具有不同类型学习的两种下降路径模型来解决的：皮质路径中的快速学习以最大化奖励，而皮质下路径中的缓慢学习以通过重复来强化行为。
The learning of motor skills unfolds over multiple timescales, with rapid initial gains in performance followed by a longer period in which the behavior becomes more refined, habitual, and automatized. While recent lesion and inactivation experiments have provided hints about how various brain areas might contribute to such learning, their precise roles and the neural mechanisms underlying them are not well understood. In this work, we propose neural- and circuit-level mechanisms by which motor cortex, thalamus, and striatum support motor learning. In this model, the combination of fast cortical learning and slow subcortical learning gives rise to a covert learning process through which control of behavior is gradually transferred from cortical to subcortical circuits, while protecting learned behaviors that are practiced repeatedly against overwriting by future learning. Together, these results point to a new computational role for thalamus in motor learning and, more broadly, provide a framework for understanding the neural basis of habit formation and the automatization of behavior through practice. Surprisingly, motor cortex becomes less involved in performing skilled motor behaviors as they are practiced. This is addressed by a model of two descending pathways featuring different types of learning: fast learning in a cortical pathway to maximize rewards and slow learning in a subcortical pathway to reinforce behaviors through repetition.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5371(76)90002-5
发表时间：
1976-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF VERBAL LEARNING AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
--
作者：
GLENBERG, AM
通讯作者：
GLENBERG, AM
影响因子：
25
作者：
Fusi, Stefano;Abbott, L. F.
通讯作者：
Abbott, L. F.
DOI：
10.1109/pgec.1965.264137
发表时间：
1965-01-01
期刊：
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
COVER, TM
通讯作者：
COVER, TM
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Hwang, Eun Jung;Dahlen, Jeffrey E.;Komiyama, Takaki
通讯作者：
Komiyama, Takaki
鼠标皮质 - 纹状体projectome。
影响因子：
25
作者：
Hintiryan H;Foster NN;Bowman I;Bay M;Song MY;Gou L;Yamashita S;Bienkowski MS;Zingg B;Zhu M;Yang XW;Shih JC;Toga AW;Dong HW
通讯作者：
Dong HW