Dissociation between implicit and explicit responses in postconditioning UCS revaluation after fear conditioning in humans.
Dissociation between implicit and explicit responses in postconditioning UCS revaluation after fear conditioning in humans.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0032742
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发表时间：
2013-06
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Helmstetter, Fred J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schultz, Douglas H.;Balderston, Nicholas L.;Geiger, Jennifer A.;Helmstetter, Fred J.
显性学习和隐性学习之间关系的本质是一个颇有争议的话题。为了研究这种关系，我们进行了两项关于人类恐惧条件反射中无条件刺激（UCS）的后条件重估的实验。在实验 1 中，一组 UCS 的强度在采集后降低（贬值），而另一组（对照组）保持不变。随后的测试显示，尽管两组的 UCS 预期水平相似，但贬值组的条件皮肤电导反应明显较小。贬值效应不能通过 UCS 概率的明确估计或 UCS 强度发生变化的明确知识的差异来解释。在实验 2 中，一组的 UCS 值在获取后增加（膨胀），而另一组的 UCS 值保持不变（对照组）。测试表现表明，UCS 膨胀不会改变预期评级，但膨胀组表现出比对照组更大的习得皮肤电导反应。通货膨胀效应不能通过 UCS 概率的明确估计差异或 UCS 强度发生变化的明确知识来解释。在这两个实验中，SCR 重估效应都不依赖于外显记忆过程。在这两个实验中，我们发现在显性测量没有变化的情况下，隐性学习测量存在差异。总之，预期测量和皮肤电导之间观察到的差异支持这样的观点：这些反应可能反映了在同一训练过程中形成的不同类型的记忆，并由单独的神经系统支持。
The nature of the relationship between explicit and implicit learning is a topic of considerable debate. In order to investigate this relationship we conducted two experiments on postconditioning revaluation of the unconditional stimulus (UCS) in human fear conditioning. In Experiment 1, the intensity of the UCS was decreased following acquisition for one group (devaluation) and held constant for another group (control). A subsequent test revealed that even though both groups exhibited similar levels of UCS expectancy, the devaluation group had significantly smaller conditional skin conductance responses. The devaluation effect was not explained by differences in the explicit estimates of UCS probability or explicit knowledge that the UCS intensity had changed. In Experiment 2, the value of the UCS was increased following acquisition for one group (inflation) and held constant for another group (control). Test performance revealed that UCS inflation did not alter expectancy ratings, but the inflation group exhibited larger learned skin conductance responses than the control group. The inflation effect was not explained by differences in the explicit estimates of UCS probability or explicit knowledge that the UCS intensity had changed. The SCR revaluation effect was not dependent on explicit memory processes in either experiment. In both experiments we found differences on an implicit measure of learning in the absence of changes in explicit measures. Together, the differences observed between expectancy measures and skin conductance support the idea that these responses might reflect different types of memory formed during the same training procedure and be supported by separate neural systems.
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用掩盖的刺激调节会影响皮肤电导反应的时间。
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Balderston NL;Helmstetter FJ
通讯作者：
Helmstetter FJ
DOI：
10.1037/h0035964
发表时间：
1974-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
RESCORLA, RA
通讯作者：
RESCORLA, RA
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ROZEBOOM, WW
通讯作者：
ROZEBOOM, WW
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BECHARA, A;TRANEL, D;DAMASIO, AR
通讯作者：
DAMASIO, AR
DOI：
10.1080/14640748108400816
发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION B-COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
ADAMS, CD;DICKINSON, A
通讯作者：
DICKINSON, A