Contributions of microtubule dynamics and transport to presynaptic and postsynaptic functions.
Contributions of microtubule dynamics and transport to presynaptic and postsynaptic functions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103787
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Dent, Erik W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miryala, Chandra S. J.;Holland, Elizabeth D.;Dent, Erik W.
微管（MT）是由微管蛋白二聚体聚合形成的细长管状细胞骨架结构。它们经历连续的聚合和解聚循环，主要发生在它们的正端，称为动态不稳定性。虽然这是MT的固有特性，但有无数MT相关蛋白在调节MT动态不稳定性和其他塑造MT阵列的动态过程中起作用。此外，mt组装成长而半刚性的结构，作为整个细胞中许多不同类型的货物的远程，电机驱动运输的底物。MT动力学和基于运动的转运在每一种已知细胞的功能中都起着重要的作用。在过去的15年中，许多研究小组已经表明，MT动力学和转运在成熟神经元的神经元功能中起着越来越重要的作用。神经元不仅是高度极化的细胞，而且它们还通过突触相互连接，形成复杂的网络。在这里，我们将重点介绍一些令人兴奋的研究，这些研究阐明了MTs在轴突钮扣中的突触前功能和树突棘中的突触后功能。MT动力学和转运在突触可塑性中都起着重要的作用，这一点越来越清楚。因此，无论是通过超稳定还是不稳定来破坏mt，都会对学习和记忆产生深远的影响，这并不奇怪。总之，本文所述的研究表明，MT动力学和转运在突触功能中起关键作用，当其被破坏时，会导致学习和记忆受损。
Microtubules (MT) are elongated, tubular, cytoskeletal structures formed from polymerization of tubulin dimers. They undergo continuous cycles of polymerization and depolymerization, primarily at their plus ends, termed dynamic instability. Although this is an intrinsic property of MTs, there are a myriad of MT-associated proteins that function in regulating MT dynamic instability and other dynamic processes that shape the MT array. Additionally, MTs assemble into long, semi-rigid structures which act as substrates for long-range, motor-driven transport of many different types of cargoes throughout the cell. Both MT dynamics and motor-based transport play important roles in the function of every known type of cell. Within the last fifteen years many groups have shown that MT dynamics and transport play ever-increasing roles in the neuronal function of mature neurons. Not only are neurons highly polarized cells, but they also connect with one another through synapses to form complex networks. Here we will focus on exciting studies that have illuminated how MTs function both pre-synaptically in axonal boutons and post-synaptically in dendritic spines. It is becoming clear that MT dynamics and transport both serve important functions in synaptic plasticity. Thus, it is not surprising that disruption of MTs, either through hyperstabilization or destabilization, has profound consequences for learning and memory. Together, the studies described here suggest that MT dynamics and transport play key roles in synaptic function and when disrupted result in compromised learning and memory.
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