Exercise at Old Age: Does It Increase or Alleviate Oxidative Stress?
Exercise at Old Age: Does It Increase or Alleviate Oxidative Stress?
复制标题
老年锻炼：会增加还是减轻氧化应激？
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05653.x
复制
发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
L. Ji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Ji
摘要：衰老与骨骼肌中自由基生成增加有关，自由基生成可引起蛋白质、脂质和DNA的氧化修饰。体育活动有许多公认的健康益处，但剧烈运动增加肌肉氧通量，引发细胞内事件，可导致氧化损伤增加。关于运动对老年人是否可取的问题出现了矛盾。研究证据表明，衰老的生物体在运动过程中更容易受到氧化应激的影响，因为与年龄相关的超微结构和生化变化促进了活性氧（ROS）的形成。衰老也会增加肌肉损伤的发生率，炎症反应会使衰老的肌肉进一步氧化应激。此外，肌肉修复和再生能力在老年时降低，这可能会增加细胞氧化损伤的累积。某些与年龄相关的病理条件的预沉积可能会加剧风险。尽管存在这些风险，但经常运动的老年人受益于运动诱导的细胞抗氧化防御系统的适应。改善肌肉力学，力量和耐力使他们不容易受到急性损伤和慢性炎症。在我们进入新千年之际，关于衰老和运动之间的关系，仍存在许多关键问题。例如，衰老如何改变运动诱导的产生ROS的细胞内和细胞间机制？急性和慢性运动能否调节老年代谢和抗氧化酶基因表达的下降？运动是否能预防年龄依赖性肌肉损失（肌肉减少症）？如果有的话，经常运动的老年人需要补充哪些抗氧化剂？要回答这些问题，需要对动物和人类进行高度具体的研究。
Abstract: Aging is associated with increased free radical generation in the skeletal muscle that can cause oxidative modification of protein, lipid, and DNA. Physical activity has many well‐established health benefits, but strenuous exercise increases muscle oxygen flux and elicits intracellular events that can lead to increased oxidative injury. The paradox arises as to whether exercise would be advisable to aged population. Research evidence indicates that senescent organisms are more susceptible to oxidative stress during exercise because of the age‐related ultrastructural and biochemical changes that facilitate formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aging also increases the incidence of muscle injury, and the inflammatory response can subject senescent muscle to further oxidative stress. Furthermore, muscle repair and regeneration capacity is reduced at old age that could potentially enhance the accrual of cellular oxidative damage. Predeposition of certain age‐related pathologic conditions may exacerbate the risks. In spite of these risks, the elderly who are physically active benefit from exercise‐induced adaptation in cellular antioxidant defense systems. Improved muscle mechanics, strength, and endurance make them less vulnerable to acute injury and chronic inflammation. Many critical questions remain regarding the relationship of aging and exercise as we enter a new millennium. For example, how does aging alter exercise‐induced intracellular and intercellular mechanisms that generate ROS? Can acute and chronic exercise modulate the declined gene expression of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes seen at old age? Does exercise prevent age‐dependent muscle loss (sarcopenia)? What kinds of antioxidant supplementation, if any, do aged people who are physically active need? Answers to these questions require highly specific research in both animals and humans.
自由基对年轻、成年和老年小鼠骨骼肌的损伤。
DOI：
10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.3.c429
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
The American journal of physiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Zerba,E;Komorowski,TE;Faulkner,JA
通讯作者：
Faulkner,JA
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
PAFFENBARGER, RS;HYDE, RT;KAMPERT, JB
通讯作者：
KAMPERT, JB