MAVERICC: Marker-free Vaccinia Virus Engineering of Recombinants through in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Cleavage.

MAVERICC: Marker-free Vaccinia Virus Engineering of Recombinants through in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 Cleavage.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166896
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发表时间:
2021-04-30
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Chandran K
Chandran K
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Laudermilch E;Chandran K

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基于牛痘病毒(VACV)的载体广泛用作疫苗和癌症免疫疗法。VACV工程化传统上依赖于亲本病毒基因组和携带转基因的转移质粒之间的同源重组,这是一种低效的过程,需要使用选择或筛选标记来分离重组体。这种方法的最新扩展试图通过使用CRISPR-Cas9工程化来切割感染细胞中的病毒基因组来增强携带转基因病毒的回收。然而,这些方法不能完全消除WT病毒子代的产生,因此继续需要多轮病毒增殖和噬斑纯化。在这里,我们描述了MAVERICC(通过体外CRISPR/Cas9切割进行重组体的无标记牛痘病毒工程化),这是一种以克服的方式工程化重组VACV的新策略。 利用CRISPR/Cas9系统,但不需要标记物,并且在单个步骤中产生所需重组体的基本上纯的制备物。我们使用这种方法在VACV基因组中的多个位置单独和组合引入点突变、插入和缺失。MAVERICC的效率和多功能性使其成为在病毒基因组中任意选择的位置产生突变体和突变体文库的理想选择,以构建复杂的VACV载体,实现载体改进,并促进痘病毒生物学的研究。
Vaccinia virus (VACV)-based vectors are in extensive use as vaccines and cancer immunotherapies. VACV engineering has traditionally relied on homologous recombination between a parental viral genome and a transgene-bearing transfer plasmid, an inefficient process that necessitates the use of a selection or screening marker to isolate recombinants. Recent extensions of this approach have sought to enhance the recovery of transgene-bearing viruses through the use of CRISPR-Cas9 engineering to cleave the viral genome in infected cells. However, these methods do not completely eliminate the generation of WT viral progeny and thus continue to require multiple rounds of viral propagation and plaque purification. Here, we describe MAVERICC (marker-free vaccinia virus engineering of recombinants through in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage), a new strategy to engineer recombinant VACVs in a manner that overcomes . leverages the CRISPR/Cas9 system but requires no markers and yields essentially pure preparations of the desired recombinants in a single step. We used this approach to introduce point mutations, insertions, and deletions at multiple locations in the VACV genome, both singly and in combination. The efficiency and versatility of MAVERICC make it an ideal choice for generating mutants and mutant libraries at arbitrarily selected locations in the viral genome to build complex VACV vectors, effect vector improvements, and facilitate the study of poxvirus biology.
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