Testosterone and Aggression: Berthold, Birds and Beyond
Testosterone and Aggression: Berthold, Birds and Beyond
复制标题
睾丸激素和攻击性：伯特霍尔德、鸟类及其他
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
K. Soma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Soma
贝托尔德在1849年对家养公鸡的经典研究表明，睾丸分泌物是正常表达攻击性行为所必需的。尽管这一结论无疑是正确的，但对野生鸣禽的实地研究已经对贝托尔德的原始假设进行了重要的修改和限制。例如，对北美歌雀(Melospiza Melodia)在繁殖季节的研究表明，不仅睾酮会增加攻击性，攻击性的相互作用也会提高血浆睾酮水平。此外，在冬季，非繁殖的鸣雀血浆睾酮水平较低，但攻击性很强，对非繁殖的鸣雀进行阉割并不能减少攻击性。有趣的是，芳香酶抑制剂(法洛唑)在非繁殖季节确实减少了男性的攻击性，而法洛唑的影响可以用雌二醇来挽救。在冬天，外周的脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)可以在大脑内代谢，向特定的神经回路供应雌二醇。此外，雌二醇可能完全由大脑内的胆固醇从头合成。这些机制的进化可能是为了避免在非繁殖季节睾丸激素循环的“成本”。最近对热带鸟类、仓鼠和人类的研究表明，这些神经内分泌机制对于控制许多脊椎动物的攻击性很重要。
Berthold's classic study of domesticated roosters in 1849 demonstrated that testicular secretions are necessary for the normal expression of aggressive behaviour. Although this conclusion is undoubtedly correct, field studies of wild songbirds have yielded important modifications and limitations of Berthold's original hypothesis. For example, studies of the North American song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) during the breeding season reveal that not only does testosterone increase aggression, but aggressive interactions also increase plasma testosterone levels. Furthermore, in winter, nonbreeding song sparrows have low plasma testosterone levels but are very aggressive, and castration of nonbreeding song sparrows does not decrease aggression. Interestingly, an aromatase inhibitor (fadrozole) does decrease male aggression in the nonbreeding season, and the effects of fadrozole can be rescued with oestradiol. In winter, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) from the periphery can be metabolised within the brain to supply oestradiol to specific neural circuits. Additionally, oestradiol might be synthesised de novo from cholesterol entirely within the brain. These mechanisms may have evolved to avoid the ‘costs’ of circulating testosterone in the nonbreeding season. Recent studies in tropical birds, hamsters, and humans suggest that these neuroendocrine mechanisms are important for the control of aggression in many vertebrate species.
野生成年歌麻雀的鸣叫控制核的季节性生长先于季节性生殖发育。
DOI：
10.1006/gcen.2000.7597
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
General and comparative endocrinology.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Tramontin,AD;Perfito,N;Wingfield,JC;Brenowitz,EA
通讯作者：
Brenowitz,EA
是否存在脱氢表雄酮或硫酸脱氢表雄酮受体？
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Widstrom,RichardL;Dillon,JosephS
通讯作者：
Dillon,JosephS