Labor supply responses to large social transfers: Longitudinal evidence from South Africa.
Labor supply responses to large social transfers: Longitudinal evidence from South Africa.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1257/app.1.1.22
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hosegood V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ardington C;Case A;Hosegood V
在发展中国家的许多地区，农村地区的失业率和就业不足率很高。了解是什么阻碍人们移民寻找更好的工作是发展过程的核心。在本文中，我们研究了具有约束力的信贷约束和儿童保育约束是否限制了家庭派遣劳务移民的能力，以及大量稳定收入来源（此处为南非养老金）的到来是否有助于家庭克服这些约束。具体来说，我们使用在夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省收集的纵向数据来量化壮年人口对养老金领取者存在变化的劳动力供应反应。我们能够比较养老金领取前后的家庭和个人以及养老金损失，使我们能够控制许多可能决定劳动力市场行为的不可观察的家庭和个人特征。我们发现，向南非老年人提供大量现金转移会导致家庭中黄金年龄成员的就业增加，这一结果在横断面分析中被养老金和非养老金家庭之间的差异所掩盖。养老金收入也会影响就业地点。我们发现养老金领取对劳动力移民产生了巨大且显着的影响。养老金的影响既归因于它所代表的家庭资源的增加，这可以用来支持移民直到他们实现自给自足，也归因于可以照顾小孩的养老金领取者的存在，这使得壮年成年人可以到其他地方寻找工作。
In many parts of the developing world, rural areas exhibit high rates of unemployment and underemployment. Understanding what prevents people from migrating to find better jobs is central to the development process. In this paper, we examine whether binding credit constraints and childcare constraints limit the ability of households to send labor migrants, and whether the arrival of a large, stable source of income – here, the South African old-age pension – helps households to overcome these constraints. Specifically, we quantify the labor supply responses of prime-aged individuals to changes in the presence of pensioners, using longitudinal data collected in KwaZulu-Natal. Our ability to compare households and individuals before and after pension receipt, and pension loss, allows us to control for a host of unobservable household and individual characteristics that may determine labor market behavior. We find that large cash transfers to elderly South Africans lead to increased employment among prime-aged members of their households, a result that is masked in cross-sectional analysis by differences between pension and non-pension households. Pension receipt also influences where this employment takes place. We find large, significant effects on labor migration upon pension arrival. The pension’s impact is attributable both to the increase in household resources it represents, which can be used to stake migrants until they become self-sufficient, and to the presence of pensioners who can care for small children, which allows prime-aged adults to look for work elsewhere.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Case, A;Deaton, A
通讯作者：
Deaton, A
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Bertrand, M;Mullainathan, S;Miller, D
通讯作者：
Miller, D
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Edmonds, EV;Mammen, K;Miller, DL
通讯作者：
Miller, DL
DOI：
10.1080/14034950701356401
发表时间：
2007-08
期刊：
Scandinavian journal of public health. Supplement
影响因子：
--
作者：
Collinson MA;Tollman SM;Kahn K
通讯作者：
Kahn K
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bowles, S;Posel, D
通讯作者：
Posel, D