Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system.
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00429-012-0475-5
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Friston, Karl J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, Rick A.;Shipp, Stewart;Friston, Karl J.
运动皮质的下行投射与视觉皮质中的自上而下或向后连接有许多共同特征;例如，皮质脊髓投射起源于颗粒下层，高度发散，并且（沿着下行皮质-皮质投射）靶向表达NMDA受体的细胞。这是有点自相矛盾，因为向后调制的特点将不会被预期的驱动电机命令信号。我们解决这个明显的悖论使用的功能表征的运动系统的基础上亥姆霍兹的想法感知，即感知是推理的原因视觉感觉。我们解释行为的推理的原因本体感觉。这种解释诉诸于主动推理，在这种推理中，更高的皮层水平发送下行的本体感受预测，而不是运动命令。这个过程反映了感觉皮层中的感知推理，其中下行连接传达预测，而上行连接传达预测错误。这种经常性的信息传递的解剖学基础是一个分层系统，包括功能不对称的驱动（上行）和调节（下行）连接：我们显示的安排几乎完全概括在运动系统中，在其层流，地形和生理特征。这种观点将经典的运动反射投射为最小化预测误差，并可能为为什么运动皮层是无颗粒的提供原则性解释。
The descending projections from motor cortex share many features with top-down or backward connections in visual cortex; for example, corticospinal projections originate in infragranular layers, are highly divergent and (along with descending cortico-cortical projections) target cells expressing NMDA receptors. This is somewhat paradoxical because backward modulatory characteristics would not be expected of driving motor command signals. We resolve this apparent paradox using a functional characterisation of the motor system based on Helmholtz’s ideas about perception; namely, that perception is inference on the causes of visual sensations. We explain behaviour in terms of inference on the causes of proprioceptive sensations. This explanation appeals to active inference, in which higher cortical levels send descending proprioceptive predictions, rather than motor commands. This process mirrors perceptual inference in sensory cortex, where descending connections convey predictions, while ascending connections convey prediction errors. The anatomical substrate of this recurrent message passing is a hierarchical system consisting of functionally asymmetric driving (ascending) and modulatory (descending) connections: an arrangement that we show is almost exactly recapitulated in the motor system, in terms of its laminar, topographic and physiological characteristics. This perspective casts classical motor reflexes as minimising prediction errors and may provide a principled explanation for why motor cortex is agranular.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Blakemore, SJ;Sirigu, A
通讯作者：
Sirigu, A
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
ARIKUNI, T;WATANABE, K;KUBOTA, K
通讯作者：
KUBOTA, K
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BENTIVOGLIO, M;RUSTIONI, A
通讯作者：
RUSTIONI, A
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BULLIER, J;KENNEDY, H;SALINGER, W
通讯作者：
SALINGER, W
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Brown H;Friston K;Bestmann S
通讯作者：
Bestmann S