Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children.
Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157
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发表时间：
2009-07
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Menon V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Supekar K;Musen M;Menon V
儿童大脑回路的大规模重新布线导致成熟成人大脑中出现等级组织。人类大脑的大规模功能组织的个体发生尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用内在功能连接的网络分析来表征23名儿童（7-9岁）和22名年轻人（19-22岁）的大脑网络组织。通过路径长度、聚类系数、层次结构和区域连通性等网络特性的比较，发现儿童和青少年的大脑在全球层面上具有相似的“小世界”组织，但在层次结构和区域间连通性方面存在显著差异。我们发现，儿童皮层下区域与初级感觉区、联想区和副边缘区联系更紧密，而年轻人在副边缘区、边缘区和联想区之间表现出更强的皮质-皮质连通性。此外，对功能连通性和白质纤维追踪的连线距离测量的结合分析表明，大规模大脑网络的发展具有短距离功能连通性减弱和远程功能连通性增强的特征。重要的是，我们的研究结果表明，过度连接的动态过程，随后的修剪，在神经元水平上重新连接，也在系统水平上起作用，有助于在发育中的大脑中重新配置和平衡皮层下和旁缘的连接。我们的研究证明了大脑连接的网络分析对阐明大脑功能成熟的关键原理的有用性，为自闭症等神经发育障碍中大脑连接中断的新研究铺平了道路。人类正常大脑组织的破坏被认为是许多行为状况的基础，如自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）。为了深入了解正常的大脑组织是如何发展的，我们绘制了儿童和年轻人的功能性大脑连接图，并使用网络分析来表征和比较大脑网络的组织。网络特性的比较显示，虽然儿童和年轻人的大脑在全球范围内具有相似的组织，但在连通性方面存在几个关键差异。例如，儿童大脑的等级组织比年轻人少。最重要的是，我们展示了过度连接的动态过程，它在神经元水平上重新连接，也在系统水平上运作，在发育中的大脑中重新配置和重新平衡皮层下和旁缘的连接。我们的研究结果证明了使用多模态大脑连接的网络分析来研究脑回路成熟的实用性，并为未来研究ASD和ADHD等神经发育障碍提供了新的途径。
Large-scale rewiring of brain circuits in children leads to emergence of hierarchical organization in the mature adult brain. The ontogeny of large-scale functional organization of the human brain is not well understood. Here we use network analysis of intrinsic functional connectivity to characterize the organization of brain networks in 23 children (ages 7–9 y) and 22 young-adults (ages 19–22 y). Comparison of network properties, including path-length, clustering-coefficient, hierarchy, and regional connectivity, revealed that although children and young-adults' brains have similar “small-world” organization at the global level, they differ significantly in hierarchical organization and interregional connectivity. We found that subcortical areas were more strongly connected with primary sensory, association, and paralimbic areas in children, whereas young-adults showed stronger cortico-cortical connectivity between paralimbic, limbic, and association areas. Further, combined analysis of functional connectivity with wiring distance measures derived from white-matter fiber tracking revealed that the development of large-scale brain networks is characterized by weakening of short-range functional connectivity and strengthening of long-range functional connectivity. Importantly, our findings show that the dynamic process of over-connectivity followed by pruning, which rewires connectivity at the neuronal level, also operates at the systems level, helping to reconfigure and rebalance subcortical and paralimbic connectivity in the developing brain. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of network analysis of brain connectivity to elucidate key principles underlying functional brain maturation, paving the way for novel studies of disrupted brain connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. The disruption of normal brain organization in humans is believed to underlie a number of behavioral conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To gain insight into how normal brain organization develops, we mapped functional brain connectivity in children and young adults, and used a network analysis to characterize and compare the organization of brain networks. Comparison of network properties revealed that while children and young adults' brains have similar organization at the global level, there were several key differences in connectivity. For example, children's brains had less of a hierarchical organization than young-adults. Most importantly, we show that the dynamic process of over-connectivity followed by pruning, which rewires connectivity at the neuronal level, also operates at the systems level, reconfiguring and rebalancing subcortical and paralimbic connectivity in the developing brain. Our findings demonstrate the utility of using network analyses of multimodal brain connectivity to study maturation of brain circuits, and suggest new avenues for future research on neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and ADHD.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Achard S;Bullmore E
通讯作者：
Bullmore E
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1929-08.2008
发表时间：
2008-09-10
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bassett DS;Bullmore E;Verchinski BA;Mattay VS;Weinberger DR;Meyer-Lindenberg A
通讯作者：
Meyer-Lindenberg A
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Achard, S;Salvador, R;Bullmore, ET
通讯作者：
Bullmore, ET
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Carper, RA;Moses, P;Courchesne, E
通讯作者：
Courchesne, E
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Bullmore, ET;Fadili, J;Breakspear, M
通讯作者：
Breakspear, M