Free-energy and illusions: the cornsweet effect.

Free-energy and illusions: the cornsweet effect.
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DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00043
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Friston KJ
Friston KJ
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brown H;Friston KJ

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在这篇文章中,我们使用贝叶斯感知的自由能公式来回顾错觉的本质。我们重申这样的概念,即错觉实际上是贝叶斯最优的,代表了对模糊感觉输入的最有可能的解释。这一点可能是用最简单的视觉错觉来说明的,也就是玉米糖效应。通过使用关于视觉场景中照度和反射率的空间梯度的似是而非的先验信念,我们证明了康斯甜效应是贝叶斯最优感知的自然结果。此外,我们能够模拟作为刺激对比度的函数的次级错觉(马赫频带)的外观。用一个简单但可信的生成模型模拟了与对比度相关的玉米糖效应的出现和随后的马赫带的出现。因为我们的生成模型是使用神经生物学上看似合理的方案倒置的,所以我们可以将倒置用作神经元处理和隐含推理的模拟。最后,我们能够在固定的强制选择范式下,使用短暂呈现给不同对比度水平的正常受试者的刺激,从心理物理上验证这种贝叶斯最优模拟的定性和定量预测。
In this paper, we review the nature of illusions using the free-energy formulation of Bayesian perception. We reiterate the notion that illusory percepts are, in fact, Bayes-optimal and represent the most likely explanation for ambiguous sensory input. This point is illustrated using perhaps the simplest of visual illusions; namely, the Cornsweet effect. By using plausible prior beliefs about the spatial gradients of illuminance and reflectance in visual scenes, we show that the Cornsweet effect emerges as a natural consequence of Bayes-optimal perception. Furthermore, we were able to simulate the appearance of secondary illusory percepts (Mach bands) as a function of stimulus contrast. The contrast-dependent emergence of the Cornsweet effect and subsequent appearance of Mach bands were simulated using a simple but plausible generative model. Because our generative model was inverted using a neurobiologically plausible scheme, we could use the inversion as a simulation of neuronal processing and implicit inference. Finally, we were able to verify the qualitative and quantitative predictions of this Bayes-optimal simulation psychophysically, using stimuli presented briefly to normal subjects at different contrast levels, in the context of a fixed alternative forced choice paradigm.
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