A Synthesis of Fracture, Friction and Damage Processes in Earthquake Rupture Zones
A Synthesis of Fracture, Friction and Damage Processes in Earthquake Rupture Zones
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地震破裂带断裂、摩擦和损伤过程的综合
DOI：
10.1007/s00024-022-03168-9
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Dresen, Georg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ben-Zion, Yehuda;Dresen, Georg
我们回顾的属性和过程的地震破裂带的基础上，现场研究，实验室观测，理论模型和模拟，与评估不同的过程中的不同部分的破裂和常用模型的有效性的可能的主导地位的目标。破裂带可分为相互作用程度不同的前区、中区和尾区。破裂前缘以破裂、粒化作用和强烈的扩张作用为主，产生断层产物，这些产物又被随后的滑动改造。中间区域主要以摩擦滑动为主，滑动速率相对较高，产生明显的应力传递到传播前缘。尾部区域进一步落后的特点是低滑移率，有效地不影响传播的前，虽然它（和中间区域）可以产生小的后代破裂前。波介导的应力传递也可以在破裂前缘之前触发故障。地震破裂通常在空间上是不连续的和间歇性的，具有层次结构的粗糙体和段尺寸，辐射具有不同张量成分和频带的波。虽然不同的变形过程主导部分的破裂带可以有效地处理现有的本构关系，更适当的地震过程分析将需要一个模型，结合断裂，损伤断裂，摩擦框架方面。
We review properties and processes of earthquake rupture zones based on field studies, laboratory observations, theoretical models and simulations, with the goal of assessing the possible dominance of different processes in different parts of the rupture and validity of commonly used models. Rupture zones may be divided intofront,intermediate, andtailregions that interact to different extents. The rupturefrontis dominated by fracturing and granulation processes and strong dilatation, producing faulting products that are reworked by subsequent sliding behind. Theintermediateregion sustains primarily frictional sliding with relatively high slip rates that produce appreciable stress transfer to the propagating front. Thetailregion further behind is characterized by low slip rates that effectively do not influence the propagating front, although it (and the intermediate region) can spawn small offspring rupture fronts. Wave-mediated stress transfer can also trigger failures ahead of the rupture front. Earthquake ruptures are often spatially discontinuous and intermittent with a hierarchy of asperity and segment sizes that radiate waves with different tensorial compositions and frequency bands. While different deformation processes dominating parts of the rupture zones can be treated effectively with existing constitutive relations, a more appropriate analysis of earthquake processes would require a model that combines aspects of fracture, damage-breakage, and frictional frameworks.
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