The probability of genetic parallelism and convergence in natural populations.

The probability of genetic parallelism and convergence in natural populations.
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自然种群中遗传并行性和收敛的可能性。

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2012.2146
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发表时间:
2012-12-22
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schluter D
Schluter D
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Conte GL;Arnegard ME;Peichel CL;Schluter D

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基因组和遗传方法可以研究不同种群在适应性进化过程中使用相同基因的频率,从而深入了解遗传水平上的进化的可预测性。我们利用已发表的研究数据估计了自然界中并行和收敛的表型进化中基因重复使用的可能性。估计值高得令人惊讶,基因图谱研究的平均概率为0.32,候选基因研究的平均概率为0.55。这一概率随着比较类群共同祖先年龄的增加而下降,在我们的研究中,幼节的概率约为0.8,最老的节点约为0.1-0.4。当种群从同一祖先开始(遗传平行)时,基因重复使用的可能性比从不同祖先开始时(遗传趋同)更高。我们的估计与基因组对重复适应相似环境过程中基因重复使用的估计大致一致,但大多数基因组研究缺乏关于受影响的表型特征的数据。在重复的表型进化过程中频繁重复使用相同的基因表明,强烈的偏见和约束影响适应性进化,导致可用基因的相对较小的子集发生变化。随着年龄的增长,基因重复使用的可能性下降,这表明这些偏见随着时间的推移而偏离。
Genomic and genetic methods allow investigation of how frequently the same genes are used by different populations during adaptive evolution, yielding insights into the predictability of evolution at the genetic level. We estimated the probability of gene reuse in parallel and convergent phenotypic evolution in nature using data from published studies. The estimates are surprisingly high, with mean probabilities of 0.32 for genetic mapping studies and 0.55 for candidate gene studies. The probability declines with increasing age of the common ancestor of compared taxa, from about 0.8 for young nodes to 0.1–0.4 for the oldest nodes in our study. Probability of gene reuse is higher when populations begin from the same ancestor (genetic parallelism) than when they begin from divergent ancestors (genetic convergence). Our estimates are broadly consistent with genomic estimates of gene reuse during repeated adaptation to similar environments, but most genomic studies lack data on phenotypic traits affected. Frequent reuse of the same genes during repeated phenotypic evolution suggests that strong biases and constraints affect adaptive evolution, resulting in changes at a relatively small subset of available genes. Declines in the probability of gene reuse with increasing age suggest that these biases diverge with time.
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