The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in human pathology.

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in human pathology.
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内质网应激在人类病理学中的作用。

DOI:
10.1146/annurev-pathol-012513-104649
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
Annual review of pathology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Papa FR
Papa FR
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oakes SA;Papa FR

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许多遗传和环境的损害阻碍了细胞正确折叠和翻译后修饰内质网(ER)分泌和跨膜蛋白的能力,导致这种细胞器中错误折叠蛋白的积累——这种情况称为内质网应激。内质网应激细胞必须迅速恢复蛋白质折叠能力,以满足蛋白质折叠的需求,如果他们是生存。当内质网中存在高水平的错误折叠蛋白时,一种称为未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)的细胞内信号通路诱导一系列转录和翻译事件,从而恢复内质网的稳态。然而,如果内质网应激长期处于高水平,终端UPR程序将确保细胞进行自我毁灭。慢性内质网应激和UPR信号缺陷正在成为越来越多的人类疾病的关键因素,包括糖尿病、神经变性和癌症。因此,人们对靶向UPR成分作为对抗内质网应激相关病理的治疗策略非常感兴趣。
Numerous genetic and environmental insults impede the ability of cells to properly fold and posttranslationally modify secretory and transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to a buildup of misfolded proteins in this organelle—a condition called ER stress. ER-stressed cells must rapidly restore protein-folding capacity to match protein-folding demand if they are to survive. In the presence of high levels of misfolded proteins in the ER, an intracellular signaling pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR) induces a set of transcriptional and translational events that restore ER homeostasis. However, if ER stress persists chronically at high levels, a terminal UPR program ensures that cells commit to self-destruction. Chronic ER stress and defects in UPR signaling are emerging as key contributors to a growing list of human diseases, including diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Hence, there is much interest in targeting components of the UPR as a therapeutic strategy to combat these ER stress–associated pathologies.
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