Docosahexaenoic acid, the aquatic diet, and hominin encephalization: Difficulties in establishing evolutionary links
Docosahexaenoic acid, the aquatic diet, and hominin encephalization: Difficulties in establishing evolutionary links
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二十二碳六烯酸、水生饮食和古人类脑化：建立进化联系的困难
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
J. Kingston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Carlson;J. Kingston
现代人类的独特特征，包括语言、工具制造和使用、文化和行为可塑性，都与人类进化过程中大脑组织和大小的变化有关。由于脑组织的发育和维持在代谢和营养上都是昂贵的，因此早期人类脑化与能量和营养限制的释放有关。其中一种基于营养素的方法重点关注n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），它是大脑突触网络内膜磷脂的主要成分，对于最佳认知功能至关重要。由于从n-3膳食前体（α-亚麻酸，LNA）中生物合成DHA的效率相对较低，因此有人认为，在人属进化过程中，预先形成的DHA一定是一种不可或缺的膳食成分，以促进脑的生长和发育。此外，预先形成的DHA仅在水生资源（海洋和淡水）中被确定为相当大的程度，这导致了人类脑化与水生资源的获取和消耗特别相关的推测。这种观点的关键前提是，从LNA生物合成DHA不仅效率低下，而且不足以满足脑化大脑的生长和成熟需求。然而，这一假设并没有得到很好的支持，相反，许多证据表明，LNA的消费，在许多陆地生态系统中的更广泛的来源，足以为现代人类和我们的祖先的正常大脑发育和维护。Am. J.哈姆。19：132-141，2007.© 2006 Wiley利斯公司
Distinctive characteristics of modern humans, including language, tool manufacture and use, culture, and behavioral plasticity, are linked to changes in the organization and size of the brain during hominin evolution. As brain tissue is metabolically and nutritionally costly to develop and maintain, early hominin encephalization has been linked to a release of energetic and nutritional constraints. One such nutrient‐based approach has focused on the n‐3 long‐chained polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is a primary constituent of membrane phospholipids within the synaptic networks of the brain essential for optimal cognitive functioning. As biosynthesis of DHA from n‐3 dietary precursors (alpha‐linolenic acid, LNA) is relatively inefficient, it has been suggested that preformed DHA must have been an integral dietary constituent during evolution of the genus Homo to facilitate the growth and development of an encephalizing brain. Furthermore, preformed DHA has only been identified to an appreciable extent within aquatic resources (marine and freshwater), leading to speculation that hominin encephalization is linked specifically to access and consumption of aquatic resources. The key premise of this perspective is that biosynthesis of DHA from LNA is not only inefficient but also insufficient for the growth and maturation demands of an encephalized brain. However, this assumption is not well‐supported, and much evidence instead suggests that consumption of LNA, available in a wider variety of sources within a number of terrestrial ecosystems, is sufficient for normal brain development and maintenance in modern humans and presumably our ancestors. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:132–141, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Catalan, J;Moriguchi, T;Salem, N
通讯作者：
Salem, N