Contesting Genetic Knowledge-Practices in Livestock Breeding: Biopower, Biosocial Collectivities, and Heterogeneous Resistances

Contesting Genetic Knowledge-Practices in Livestock Breeding: Biopower, Biosocial Collectivities, and Heterogeneous Resistances
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家畜育种中遗传知识实践的争论:生物动力、生物社会集体和异质抗性

DOI:
10.1068/d2911
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Society and Space
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Holloway L
Holloway L
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Holloway L

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英国和其他地方的牛羊饲养者越来越多地利用基因技术来做出育种决策。许多饲养者支持这种技术,而另一些人则出于各种原因而反对它们,包括他们更喜欢基于视觉和血统选择的“传统”。与此同时,即使对于那些推广基因技术的机构和育种者来说,结果也并不总是像预期的那样。我们最近利用福柯对生物动力的讨论来检验英国家畜饲养中引入基因技术的影响,以开始探索生物动力关系中耐药性的弥散性和毛细性质。我们特别关注如何通过生物权力的联合透镜来理解耐药性和争执,以及如何将家畜饲养理解为在不同的生物社会集体中制定的知识实践。在某些情况下,这些集合体围绕共同的努力而结合在一起,例如提高畜牧业遗传评估的有效性。然而,这种混合的集体主义也为反行为打开了机会:对基因评估的异质抵制和争辩,被认为是进步的和不可避免的。我们通过对家畜饲养者和养殖机构进行详细的实证研究,重点探索了这种抗性模式。我们通过饲养员的知识实践、动物的身体以及家畜饲养和饲养中不同机构之间的复杂关系,以不同和具体的方式展示了遗传化如何变得有问题、如何受到争议和变得更加复杂。
Cattle and sheep breeders in the UK and elsewhere increasingly draw on genetic techniques in order to make breeding decisions. Many breeders support such techniques, while others argue against them for a variety of reasons, including their preference for the ‘traditions’ of visual-based and pedigree-based selections. Meanwhile, even for those institutions and breeders who promote genetic techniques, the outcomes are not always as predicted. We build on our recent use of Foucault's discussions of biopower to examine the effects of the introduction of genetic techniques in UK livestock breeding in order to begin to explore the diffuse and capillary nature of resistance within relations of biopower. We focus specifically on how resistance and contestation can be understood through the joint lenses of biopower and an understanding of livestock breeding as knowledge-practices enacted within heterogeneous biosocial collectivities. In some instances these collectivities coalesce around shared endeavour, such as increasing the valency of genetic evaluation within livestock breeding. Yet such mixed collectivities also open up opportunities for counter-conduct: heterogeneous resistances to and contestations of genetic evaluation as something represented as progressive and inevitable. We focus on exploring such modes of resistance using detailed empirical research with livestock breeders and breeding institutions. We demonstrate how in different and specific ways geneticisation becomes problematised, and is contested and made more complex, through the knowledge-practices of breeders, the bodies of animals, and the complex relationships between different institutions in livestock breeding and rearing.
探索农场动物身体监管中的生物动力:英国牲畜的遗传政策干预
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