Mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: a clinical perspective.
Mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: a clinical perspective.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.06.019
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Petersen RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knopman DS;Petersen RC
轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆是老年人常见的问题。初级保健提供者是大多数这些疾病患者的第一个接触点，应该熟悉他们的诊断、预后和管理。轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆都有客观证据表明存在认知障碍。轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆之间的主要区别在于，后者涉及多个认知领域，并且对日常生活有明显的实质性干扰。轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆的诊断主要基于病史和认知检查。轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆的预后是诊断的重要动机，因为在这两种情况下，进一步认知能力下降的风险都较高。轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆的病因通常可以通过临床检查确定，尽管影像学和其他实验室检查也可能有所帮助。虽然阿尔茨海默病是这两种疾病最常见的病因，但脑血管疾病和路易体病也有重要贡献。药物治疗在阿尔茨海默病引起的轻度痴呆中价值不大，对于任何病因的轻度认知障碍尚无批准的药物治疗。尽管如此，新发认知障碍对患者和家属来说是一个令人担忧的症状，他们需要答案和建议。如果患者在独立管理药物、财务或交通方面有困难，诊断和干预是必要的，以确保患者的健康和安全。
Mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia are common problems in the elderly. Primary care providers are the first point of contact for most patients with these disorders and should be familiar with their diagnosis, prognosis and management. Both mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia are characterized by objective evidence of cognitive impairment. The main distinctions between mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia are that in the latter, more than one cognitive domain is involved and substantial interference with daily life is evident. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia is based mainly on the history and cognitive examination. The prognosis for mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia is an important motivation for diagnosis, as in both, there is a heightened risk for further cognitive decline. The etiology of mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia can often be established through the clinical examination though imaging and other laboratory tests may also contribute. While Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of both, cerebrovascular disease and Lewy Body disease make important contributions. Pharmacological treatments are of modest value in mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, and there are no approved pharmacological treatments for mild cognitive impairment of any etiology. Nonetheless, new onset cognitive impairment is a worrisome symptom to patients and families that demands answers and advice. If a patient is having difficulties in managing independently medications, finances or transportation, diagnosis and intervention are necessary to ensure the health and safety of the patient.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005
发表时间：
2011-05
期刊：
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
影响因子：
--
作者：
McKhann GM;Knopman DS;Chertkow H;Hyman BT;Jack CR Jr;Kawas CH;Klunk WE;Koroshetz WJ;Manly JJ;Mayeux R;Mohs RC;Morris JC;Rossor MN;Scheltens P;Carrillo MC;Thies B;Weintraub S;Phelps CH
通讯作者：
Phelps CH
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Petersen RC;Caracciolo B;Brayne C;Gauthier S;Jelic V;Fratiglioni L
通讯作者：
Fratiglioni L
DOI：
10.1001/jama.2010.2008
发表时间：
2011-01-19
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Clark CM;Schneider JA;Bedell BJ;Beach TG;Bilker WB;Mintun MA;Pontecorvo MJ;Hefti F;Carpenter AP;Flitter ML;Krautkramer MJ;Kung HF;Coleman RE;Doraiswamy PM;Fleisher AS;Sabbagh MN;Sadowsky CH;Reiman EP;Zehntner SP;Skovronsky DM;AV45-A07 Study Group
通讯作者：
AV45-A07 Study Group
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
GALASKO, D;EDLAND, SD;KOSS, E
通讯作者：
KOSS, E
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Lautenschlager, Nicola T.;Cox, Kay L.;Almeida, Osvaldo P.
通讯作者：
Almeida, Osvaldo P.