Cu-bearing high-entropy alloys with excellent antiviral properties.
Cu-bearing high-entropy alloys with excellent antiviral properties.
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具有优异抗病毒性能的含铜高熵合金
DOI：
10.1016/j.jmst.2020.12.027
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发表时间：
2021-09-10
影响因子：
10.9
通讯作者：
Wang F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Z;Qiao D;Xu Y;Zhou E;Yang C;Yuan X;Lu Y;Gu JD;Wolfgang S;Xu D;Wang F
2019年12月以来，新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内爆发，给卫生组织带来巨大挑战，也给全球经济带来巨大影响。截至目前（2020年12月1日），已报告确诊病例超过6230万例，死亡病例140万例，并且这一数字仍在增长。虽然影响不如COVID-19，但其他两次大流行，即2002年爆发的严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS）和2012年爆发的中东呼吸综合征（MERS），也是由冠状病毒引起的，并在一些国家造成了严重的公共卫生和经济危机[2,3]。伴随着全球化，人类社会通过航空旅行和公约的高度联系为病毒的快速传播提供了便利。此外，未被发现的病毒的发生及其高自发突变率对认知过程和抗病毒药物的开发提出了挑战。因此，开发广谱抗病毒策略预防和控制病毒传播对保护人类社会具有重要意义。病毒是专性寄生虫，只能在活细胞内复制。以独立粒子形式存在的病毒被称为病毒粒子，病毒粒子至少由两部分组成：(1)遗传物质（DNA或RNA）和(2)包裹并保护遗传物质的蛋白质外壳。有些病毒从宿主细胞中释放出来时，也可能被包裹在脂质囊中。病毒的传播很大程度上取决于具体的种类、传染性以及随后与宿主的关系。引起传染病的病毒，如COV-2019，总是通过空气、水、飞沫、食物、表面接触等多种途径传播。许多研究都集中在开发能够破坏病毒复制周期或完全摧毁它们的抗病毒药物上。然而，利用抗病毒物质在病毒接触人体细胞之前阻断其传播，在医疗保健、制药制造、食品加工、公共交通和设施以及科学研究等许多应用中都具有重要意义。金属铜（Cu）的抗菌应用在感染控制，包括医疗植入物长期以来引起了极大的关注。在合金中适当添加Cu已被证实具有生物安全性和对多种微生物的非选择性抑制作用。已经提出了几种机制来说明铜介导的抗菌功能的内在机制，包括直接接触导致的细胞膜破坏，通过芬顿反应产生的活性羟基自由基，以及铜离子介导的配体相互作用破坏DNA和RNA的结构和完整性等[6,7]。由于金属铜可以与多个活性位点无选择性地对细胞发生反应，因此其广谱抗菌功效是众所周知的，而且病原体产生耐药性的可能性很小。除了抗菌和抗真菌特性外，金属铜也被报道作为合金成分或功能添加剂用于抗病毒应用[8,9]。含铜金属，如含铜不锈钢和含铜钛合金，因其抗菌性能而被广泛研究[10,11]。在一定范围内，铜含量的增加已被证明可以增强抗菌活性[12,13]。然而，在选择性金属材料中加入铜可能会影响材料的耐腐蚀性和力学性能。
The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 since December 2019 has caused great challenges to health organizations, and brought tremendous impact on the global economy. There have been over 62.3 million confirmed infection cases and 1.4 million deaths reported until now (December 1 st, 2020), and the numbers are still growing [1]. Although not as influential as COVID-19, the other two large pandemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS, outbroke in 2002) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, outbroke in 2012), were also caused by coronaviruses and resulted in severe public health and economic crises in several countries [2, 3]. Accompanied by the globalization, the highly connected human society through air travel and conventions offers convenience for the rapid spreading of viruses. Moreover, the occurrence of undetected viruses and their high spontaneous mutation rate challenge the cognitive process and the development of antiviral agents. In this view, the development of broad-spectrum antiviral strategies for prevention and control of viral transmission is of great importance for protecting our human society. Viruses are obligate parasites that can only replicate inside living cells. Viruses in form of independent particles are called virions, which are composed of at least two parts:(1) genetic material (DNA or RNA) and (2) a protein coat surrounding and protecting the genetic material. Some viruses may also be enveloped in a lipid capsule, when they are released from the host cells. The spreading of viruses varies greatly depending on the specific species, infectivity, and the subsequent relationship with the host. Viruses causing epidemic diseases, eg, COV-2019, always spread through many routes such as air, water, respiratory droplets, food, and surface contact etc. Much research has focused on the development of antiviral agents that can disrupt the viral replication cycle or destroy them completely [4]. However, the utilization of antiviral materials to block the viral transmission, before they contact human cells, can be meaningful in many applications, such as the healthcare, pharmaceutical manufacturing, food processing, public transport and facilities and scientific research etc. The utilization of metallic copper (Cu) for antimicrobial applications has attracted for a long-time enormous attention in infection control, including medical implants. The proper addition of Cu in alloys has been confirmed to be biologically safe and efficient in inhibition of many microorganisms non-selectively [5]. Several mechanisms have been proposed to illustrate the intrinsic mechanisms of the copper-mediated antimicrobial function including disruption of cellular membranes resulting from direct contact, reactive hydroxyl radicals generated through Fenton reactions, and ligand interactions mediated by copper ions destroying the structure and integrity of DNA and RNA etc.[6, 7]. Since metallic copper can react with multiple active sites without selectivity to the cells, its broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy is well known besides the low possibility for pathogens to develop a resistance. Besides the antibacterial and antifungal properties, metallic copper has also been reported for antiviral applications as a constituent in alloys or as a functional additive [8, 9].Cu bearing metals, such as Cu-bearing stainless steels and Cubearing titanium alloys, have been widely investigated for their antibacterial properties [10, 1 1]. The increase of copper content, within the limit ranges, has been proven to enhance the antimicrobial activity [12, 1 3]. However, the addition of copper in selective metallic materials might hamper the corrosion resistance and mechanical …
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Alhamlan, F. S.;Majumder, M. S.;BinSaeed, A.
通讯作者：
BinSaeed, A.
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Chuang, Ming-Hao;Tsai, Ming-Hung;Yeh, Jien-Wei
通讯作者：
Yeh, Jien-Wei
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Braun, Elisabeth;Hotter, Dominik;Sauter, Daniel
通讯作者：
Sauter, Daniel
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Slone, C. E.;Miao, J.;Mills, M. J.
通讯作者：
Mills, M. J.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Sagripanti, JL;Routson, LB;Lytle, CD
通讯作者：
Lytle, CD