Out of balance: R-loops in human disease.

Out of balance: R-loops in human disease.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004630
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发表时间:
2014-09
期刊:
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Gromak N
Gromak N
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Groh M;Gromak N

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R环是由RNA/DNA杂交体组成的细胞结构,其在RNA与互补DNA链和置换的单链DNA杂交时形成。R-环已在从细菌到哺乳动物的各种生物体中被检测到,并且在调节基因表达、DNA和组蛋白修饰、免疫球蛋白类别转换重组、DNA复制和基因组稳定性中起关键作用。最近的证据表明,R环也参与神经系统疾病和癌症的分子机制。此外,与R环生物学有关的因子(如RNase H和SETX(senataxin))的突变会导致破坏性的人类神经退行性疾病,这突出了正确调节人类细胞中R环水平的重要性。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前在这一领域的进展,特别关注与R环结构失调相关的疾病。我们还讨论了这些疾病的潜在治疗方法,并强调了未来的研究方向。
R-loops are cellular structures composed of an RNA/DNA hybrid, which is formed when the RNA hybridises to a complementary DNA strand and a displaced single-stranded DNA. R-loops have been detected in various organisms from bacteria to mammals and play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, DNA and histone modifications, immunoglobulin class switch recombination, DNA replication, and genome stability. Recent evidence suggests that R-loops are also involved in molecular mechanisms of neurological diseases and cancer. In addition, mutations in factors implicated in R-loop biology, such as RNase H and SETX (senataxin), lead to devastating human neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the importance of correctly regulating the level of R-loops in human cells. In this review we summarise current advances in this field, with a particular focus on diseases associated with dysregulation of R-loop structures. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases and highlight future research directions.
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