Artificial porphyrin molecules clean up carbon monoxide and cyanide.
Artificial porphyrin molecules clean up carbon monoxide and cyanide.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2301732120
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发表时间：
2023-03-14
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Tejero, Jesus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tejero, Jesus
烟雾吸入是火灾相关死亡的主要原因（1）。两种主要的物质驱动烟雾的化学伤害：一氧化碳（CO）和氰化氢（HCN）。由含碳物质的不完全燃烧产生的CO与血液中的血红蛋白结合，限制氧结合，并且还扩散到组织中，阻断对线粒体功能至关重要的酶。此外，合成纤维的燃烧产生HCN，其通过氰化物阴离子（CN-）也可以抑制血红蛋白的功能，并且通过抑制线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶而具有特别的毒性。总之，暴露于两种分子的毒性水平会耗尽氧气供应，并使线粒体中毒，最终导致死亡。目前尚无一氧化碳解毒剂，尽管羟钴胺是氰化物中毒的有效解毒剂，但很少用于治疗火灾受害者。在PNAS中，Mao et al. (2)提出了一种新的方法来治疗烟雾吸入中毒的CO和氰化物清除剂相结合。这种双管齐下的方法的使用提高了烟雾吸入小鼠模型的存活率，而不是单独使用CO或氰化物清除剂，为烟雾暴露患者的更好治疗铺平了道路。2020年，烧伤在美国造成了约370，000次急诊就诊（3）;其中约10%的病例还包括吸入性损伤（4）。吸入烟雾的烧伤患者的死亡率高于仅烧伤的患者（5）。吸入烟雾会对上下呼吸道造成广泛的损害。虽然气道损伤的主要部分与神经源性炎症和颗粒吸入有关（5），但CO和HCN是火灾烟雾中常见的两种有毒气体。大多数烟雾吸入患者（> 90%）存在不同程度的CO中毒，但氰化物中毒水平在火灾受害者中也很常见（> 50%）（6-8）。这种组合是特别危险的，因为CO和氰化物具有协同毒性作用（9）。目前治疗一氧化碳中毒的方法是吸入100%的氧气，但如果可行，也可以使用高压氧（1.5-3个大气压
Smoke inhalation is the main cause of fire-related deaths (1). Two main species drive the chemical injury from smoke: carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). CO produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials binds to hemoglobin in the blood, limiting oxygen-binding, and also diffuses to the tissues blocking enzymes critical for mitochondrial function. In addition, the burning of synthetic fibers produces HCN, which via the cyanide anion (CN-) can also inhibit the function of hemoglobin and is particularly toxic by inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Altogether, exposure to toxic levels of both molecules deplete oxygen supply, and poisons the mitochondria, eventually causing death. No antidotes for CO are currently available, and although hydroxocobalamin is an effective antidote for cyanide poisoning, it is rarely used in the treatment of fire-exposed victims. In PNAS, Mao et al.(2) present a novel approach to the treatment of smoke inhalation poisoning by combining CO and cyanide-scavenging agents. The use of this two-pronged approach improves survival in a mouse model of smoke inhalation over the separate use of CO or cyanide scavengers, paving the way for better therapies for smoke-exposed patients. Burn injuries caused around 370,000 emergency department visits in the United States in 2020 (3); around 10% of these cases also include a reported inhalation injury (4). Burn patients with smoke inhalation have an increased mortality rate over patients with only burn injuries (5). Smoke inhalation can cause a wide range of damage to upper and lower airways. Although a major part of the airway injury is related to neurogenic inflammation and particulate inhalation (5), CO and HCN are two toxic gases commonly present in fire smoke. Most smoke inhalation patients (> 90%) present varying degrees of CO poisoning, but toxic levels of cyanide are also common (> 50%) in fire victims (6–8). This combination is particularly dangerous, as CO and cyanide have synergistic toxic effects (9). CO poisoning is currently treated by inhalation of 100% oxygen, although hyperbaric oxygen (1.5-3 atm) can be administered if feasible
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影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Mao Q;Kawaguchi AT;Mizobata S;Motterlini R;Foresti R;Kitagishi H
通讯作者：
Kitagishi H
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2209924120
发表时间：
2023-02-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Mao, Qiyue;Zhao, Xuansu;Kiriyama, Akiko;Negi, Shigeru;Fukuda, Yasutaka;Yoshioka, Hideki;Kawaguchi, Akira T.;Motterlini, Roberto;Foresti, Roberta;Kitagishi, Hiroaki
通讯作者：
Kitagishi, Hiroaki
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
CASSOLY, R;GIBSON, QH
通讯作者：
GIBSON, QH
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Dumestre, Danielle;Nickerson, Duncan
通讯作者：
Nickerson, Duncan
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
NORRIS, JC;MOORE, SJ;HUME, AS
通讯作者：
HUME, AS