Dynamic pressure evolution within the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens pyroclastic density current: evidence from tree damage
Dynamic pressure evolution within the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens pyroclastic density current: evidence from tree damage
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1980 年 5 月 18 日圣海伦火山火山碎屑密度流内的动态压力演变:树木损坏的证据
DOI:
10.1007/s00445-022-01548-6
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Helper, Mark A.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guinn, Nicole K.;Gardner, James E.;Helper, Mark A.
The effects of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) can be devastating, so understanding their internal dynamics and evolution is important for hazard assessment. We use damaged trees located around Mount St. Helens (USA) as proxy for the dynamic pressure (Pdyn) of the PDC erupted on 18 May 1980. We recorded the location, distribution, and foliage preservation of damaged trees within the medial and distal parts of the devastated forest. Sub-meter resolution aerial photographs from a month after the eruption allow distinction between standing trees that retained foliage from those that were stripped. Heights of standing trees were estimated from the measured lengths of their shadows. The number of standing trees was counted within defined areas along the propagation paths of PDCs. From the measured tree heights, we estimated tree toppling stresses fromPdyn. Overall,Pdynof the PDC head within the medial to distal portions of the blowdown zone ranged from 10 to 35 kPa.Pdynlikely waned with distance, as shown by the increased number of standing trees in the outer parts of the devastated area. In addition, we find clusters of standing trees on the lee sides of some hills. We propose that these clusters survived because they were primarily impacted by lower dynamic pressures extant within the PDC body, with foliage retention or stripping as a function of thePdynevolution in the PDC body. We estimate thatPdynof the body was less than the estimated maximumPdynof the PDC head by 12 ± 4 kPa.
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