CARMENES instrument overview
CARMENES instrument overview
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CARMENES 仪器概述
DOI：
10.1117/12.2056453
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Quirrenbach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quirrenbach
本文概述了 CARMENES 仪器以及在其运行的头几年将进行的调查。 CARMENES（用近红外和光学阶梯光谱仪对系外地球进行卡拉阿尔托高分辨率搜索 M 矮星）是由 11 个西班牙和德国机构组成的联盟正在为卡拉阿尔托天文台的 3.5 m 望远镜建造的下一代径向速度仪器。该项目的科学目标是利用已完成的仪器对约 300 M 矮星进行 600 晚的系外行星勘测。 CARMENES 仪器由两个独立的中阶梯光栅光谱仪组成，波长范围为 0.55 至 1.7 μm，光谱分辨率为 R = 82,000，由望远镜卡塞格伦焦点的光纤供电。光谱仪安装在真空罐中，提供必要的温度稳定环境，以实现 1 m/s 径向速度精度，同时使用发射线灯或法布里-珀罗标准具进行校准。对于中 M 到晚 M 光谱类型，1.0 μm 左右的波长范围（Y 波段）是径向速度工作最重要的波长区域。因此，CARMENES的效率在此范围内得到了优化。 CARMENES 仪器由两台光谱仪组成，一台配备 4k x 4k 像素 CCD，测量范围为 0.55 - 1.05 μm，另一台配备两个 2k x 2k 像素 HgCdTe 探测器，测量范围为 0.95 - 1.7μm。每个光谱仪将通过两根光纤耦合到 3.5m 望远镜，一根用于目标，一根用于校准光。前端包含一个二向色分束器和一个大气色散校正器，用于将光馈入通往光谱仪的光纤。使用单独的摄像机进行引导；实现了轴上和离轴引导模式。采用八边形横截面的光纤，以确保在存在残余引导误差的情况下输出具有良好的稳定性。纤维不断被驱动以降低模态噪声。光谱仪安装在位于 3.5m 圆顶的 coud´e 实验室真空罐内的长凳上。每个真空罐均配备温度稳定系统，能够在24小时内将温度保持在±0.01°C以内。可见光光谱仪将在室温附近运行，而近红外光谱仪将冷却至约 140 K。CARMENES 仪器于 2013 年 2 月通过了最终设计审查。MAIV 阶段目前正在进行中。该望远镜的首次测试计划于 2015 年初进行。整个仪器计划于 2015 年秋季完成。在 2018 年之前的时间范围内，卡拉阿尔托 3.5m 望远镜至少分配了 600 个可用夜晚用于 CARMENES 巡天。M 星数据库（称为 CARMENCITA）已经编制完毕，可以从中选择 CARMENES 样本。 CARMENCITA 包含有关潜在目标的所有相关属性的信息。专门的成像、光度和光谱观测正在进行中，以提供文献中未提供的有关这些恒星的关键数据。
This paper gives an overview of the CARMENES instrument and of the survey that will be carried out with it during the first years of operation. CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation radial-velocity instrument under construction for the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory by a consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. The scientific goal of the project is conducting a 600-night exoplanet survey targeting ~ 300 M dwarfs with the completed instrument. The CARMENES instrument consists of two separate echelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.55 to 1.7 μm at a spectral resolution of R = 82,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The spectrographs are housed in vacuum tanks providing the temperature-stabilized environments necessary to enable a 1 m/s radial velocity precision employing a simultaneous calibration with an emission-line lamp or with a Fabry-Perot etalon. For mid-M to late-M spectral types, the wavelength range around 1.0 μm (Y band) is the most important wavelength region for radial velocity work. Therefore, the efficiency of CARMENES has been optimized in this range. The CARMENES instrument consists of two spectrographs, one equipped with a 4k x 4k pixel CCD for the range 0.55 - 1.05 μm, and one with two 2k x 2k pixel HgCdTe detectors for the range from 0.95 - 1.7μm. Each spectrograph will be coupled to the 3.5m telescope with two optical fibers, one for the target, and one for calibration light. The front end contains a dichroic beam splitter and an atmospheric dispersion corrector, to feed the light into the fibers leading to the spectrographs. Guiding is performed with a separate camera; on-axis as well as off-axis guiding modes are implemented. Fibers with octagonal cross-section are employed to ensure good stability of the output in the presence of residual guiding errors. The fibers are continually actuated to reduce modal noise. The spectrographs are mounted on benches inside vacuum tanks located in the coud´e laboratory of the 3.5m dome. Each vacuum tank is equipped with a temperature stabilization system capable of keeping the temperature constant to within ±0.01°C over 24 hours. The visible-light spectrograph will be operated near room temperature, while the near-IR spectrograph will be cooled to ~ 140 K. The CARMENES instrument passed its final design review in February 2013. The MAIV phase is currently ongoing. First tests at the telescope are scheduled for early 2015. Completion of the full instrument is planned for the fall of 2015. At least 600 useable nights have been allocated at the Calar Alto 3.5m Telescope for the CARMENES survey in the time frame until 2018. A data base of M stars (dubbed CARMENCITA) has been compiled from which the CARMENES sample can be selected. CARMENCITA contains information on all relevant properties of the potential targets. Dedicated imaging, photometric, and spectroscopic observations are underway to provide crucial data on these stars that are not available in the literature.
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影响因子：
7.9
作者：
Anglada-Escude, Guillem;Arriagada, Pamela;Jenkins, James S.
通讯作者：
Jenkins, James S.
CARMENES (III)：用于超稳定近红外光谱仪的创新且具有挑战性的冷却系统
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
Other Conferences
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/789/2/102
发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
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DOI：
10.1117/12.927009
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
影响因子：
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作者：
W. Seifert;M. A. Sánchez Carrasco;W. Xu;M. Cárdenas;E. Sánchez;S. Becerril;C. Feiz;A. Ramón;S. Dreizler;P. Rohde;A. Quirrenbach;P. Amado;I. Ribas;A. Reiners;H. Mandel;J. Caballero
通讯作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
Other Conferences
影响因子：
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作者：
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