Effects of age, sex, and education on California Verbal Learning Test-II performance in a Chinese-speaking population.
Effects of age, sex, and education on California Verbal Learning Test-II performance in a Chinese-speaking population.
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年龄、性别和教育程度对华语人群加州言语学习测试 II 成绩的影响
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935875
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Nan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lou, Fanghua;Yang, Guotao;Cai, Lihui;Yu, Lechang;Zhang, Ying;Shi, Chuan;Zhang, Nan
加州言语学习测验第二版（CVLT-II）是一种常用的评估情景记忆的工具。本研究分析了中国认知健康人群的学习和记忆特征，以及年龄、性别和受教育程度对CVLT-II因子的影响。总共有246名年龄在20-80岁之间的健康人和29名多发性硬化症（MS）患者被纳入本研究并完成了CVLT-II。计算了总学习量、学习策略、序列位置效应、短延迟自由回忆和线索回忆、长延迟自由回忆和线索回忆、回忆过程中的重复和干扰、再认的命中和假阳性以及总再认辨别力等因素。年龄、性别和教育程度对这些因素的影响采用协方差分析或独立双样本t检验进行分析，并进一步通过多元回归分析进行证实。回归分析后的标准化数据采用等效评分法进行计算。此外，在学习和记忆的MS和年龄，性别和教育相匹配的健康人之间的差异进行了比较。大多数CVLT-II因素显着不同的年龄和教育组，特别是，更好的表现，在总的学习，回忆，语义聚类和识别，观察到在年轻和教育程度较高的群体比在老年人和教育程度较低的群体。男性参与者表现出较高的近因效应分数，更多的重复和更少的点击比女性参与者。与健康人相比，MS患者在学习、回忆、学习策略和再认等记忆过程中表现出广泛的损害（p < 0.05）。这些结果表明，言语学习和记忆高度依赖于年龄和教育水平，但不受性别的强烈影响。CVLT-II可有效评估中文人群的情景记忆障碍。
The California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II), is a commonly used tool to assess episodic memory. This study analyzed learning and memory characteristics in a cognitively healthy Chinese population, as well as the effects of age, sex and education on CVLT-II factors. In total, 246 healthy people aged 20–80 years and 29 persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) were included in this study and completed the CVLT-II. Factors including total learning, learning strategy, serial position effects, short-delay free and cued recall, long-delay free and cued recall, repetitions and intrusions during recall, hits and false positives of recognition, and total recognition discriminability were calculated. The effects of age, sex and education on these factors were analyzed using ANCOVA or independent two-sample t-tests and further confirmed by multiple regression analysis. The regression-based normative data were then computed by the equivalent scores method. Moreover, differences in learning and memory were compared between persons with MS and age-, sex- and education-matched healthy individuals. Most CVLT-II factors significantly differed between different age and education groups; in particular, better performance in total learning, recall, semantic clustering and recognition was observed in the younger and more educated groups than in the older and less educated groups. Male participants showed higher recency effect scores, more repetitions and fewer hits than female participants. Compared with healthy individuals, persons with MS showed extensive impairments in memory processes, such as learning, recall, learning strategy and recognition (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that verbal learning and memory were highly dependent on age and educational level but not strongly affected by sex. The CVLT-II effectively assesses episodic memory impairment in the Chinese-speaking population.
DOI：
10.1007/s10072-021-05374-0
发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Aiello EN;Depaoli EG
通讯作者：
Depaoli EG