Reprint of: Air travel and COVID-19 prevention in the pandemic and peri-pandemic period: A narrative review.
Reprint of: Air travel and COVID-19 prevention in the pandemic and peri-pandemic period: A narrative review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101939
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
Schlagenhauf P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bielecki M;Patel D;Hinkelbein J;Komorowski M;Kester J;Ebrahim S;Rodriguez-Morales AJ;Memish ZA;Schlagenhauf P
2019冠状病毒病疫情期间的航空旅行对旅客、航空公司、机场、卫生当局和政府来说都是一个挑战。我们审查了COVID大流行期间航空旅行的多个方面，包括旅客人数数据、飞行期间预防、检测建议和飞行中SARS-CoV-2传播、口罩使用的光流行病学、暂停航空旅行到大型集会活动以及检疫措施及其有效性。与2019年相比，航班减少了43%。卫生措施、口罩使用和保持距离是有效的，而体温筛查已被证明是不可靠的。虽然飞行中传播的风险被认为非常低，估计每2700万旅行者中有一例，但已公布了经证实的飞行中病例。一些模型存在并预测最小的风险，但没有考虑人类行为和航空公司程序的变化。尽管飞机进行了高效过滤，但有一些证据表明，在指数病例的两排内的乘客面临更高的风险。应避免乘飞机参加群众集会。抗原测试是有用的，但由于结果的时间滞后而受到损害。广泛应用唾液检测、快速检测或甚至借助“嗅探犬”进行检测等解决办法可能是前进的方向。欧洲联盟理事会最近推出的旅行“红绿灯系统”是迈向航空旅行正常化的第一步。对旅行者进行隔离可能会延迟病毒的传入或再传入，或者可能会延迟传播高峰，但效果很小，证据也有限。新的协议详细规定了抵达、快速检测和追踪，以确保切实执行限制行动。航空公司的指导方针是不透明的。大多数航空公司都会对航班进行消毒，并在一定程度上强制佩戴口罩和保持社交距离。非药物干预、筛查和检测程序、在机场、飞行中和整个旅程中实施和坚持保持距离、卫生措施和使用口罩的分层方法，以及务实的飞行后检测和追踪，都是可以实施的有效措施。正在进行的研究和系统性审查表明，提供证据的效用，预防措施，并帮助回答问题“是安全的飞行？“.
Air travel during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging for travellers, airlines, airports, health authorities, and governments. We reviewed multiple aspects of COVID peri-pandemic air travel, including data on traveller numbers, peri-flight prevention, and testing recommendations and in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission, photo-epidemiology of mask use, the pausing of air travel to mass gathering events, and quarantine measures and their effectiveness. Flights are reduced by 43% compared to 2019. Hygiene measures, mask use, and distancing are effective, while temperature screening has been shown to be unreliable. Although the risk of in-flight transmission is considered to be very low, estimated at one case per 27 million travellers, confirmed in-flight cases have been published. Some models exist and predict minimal risk but fail to consider human behavior and airline procedures variations. Despite aircraft high-efficiency filtering, there is some evidence that passengers within two rows of an index case are at higher risk. Air travel to mass gatherings should be avoided. Antigen testing is useful but impaired by time lag to results. Widespread application of solutions such as saliva-based, rapid testing or even detection with the help of “sniffer dogs” might be the way forward. The “traffic light system” for traveling, recently introduced by the Council of the European Union is a first step towards normalization of air travel. Quarantine of travellers may delay introduction or re-introduction of the virus, or may delay the peak of transmission, but the effect is small and there is limited evidence. New protocols detailing on-arrival, rapid testing and tracing are indicated to ensure that restricted movement is pragmatically implemented. Guidelines from airlines are non-transparent. Most airlines disinfect their flights and enforce wearing masks and social distancing to a certain degree. A layered approach of non-pharmaceutical interventions, screening and testing procedures, implementation and adherence to distancing, hygiene measures and mask use at airports, in-flight and throughout the entire journey together with pragmatic post-flight testing and tracing are all effective measures that can be implemented. Ongoing research and systematic review are indicated to provide evidence on the utility of preventive measures and to help answer the question “is it safe to fly?“.
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