Risk-contingent credit for sovereign disaster risk finance

Risk-contingent credit for sovereign disaster risk finance
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主权灾害风险融资的风险或有信贷

DOI:
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102105
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Mußhoff
Mußhoff
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mußhoff

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在自然灾害发生后,发展中国家的政府往往主要依赖捐助者和发展金融机构的人道主义援助。与此同时,受灾发展中国家向捐助者和发展筹资机构偿还公共贷款(官方发展援助贷款)。因此,可以合理地假设,在农业和发展经济文献中广泛讨论的风险或有信贷也可能具有主权灾害风险融资的潜力。如果事先确定了风险事件(例如,自然灾害发生。如果官方发展援助贷款不是有风险的,区域合作理事会就特别有潜力。因此,本研究测试了西非经济和货币联盟(WAEMU)的国家,并根据自然灾害,人道主义援助和公共债务偿还数据的面板数据估计:1)WAEMU国家在自然灾害后是否依赖人道主义援助,以及2)如果在灾害年份部分债务减免与官方发展援助贷款偿还一起获得。研究发现,在灾害年份,西非经货联盟国家依赖于在自然灾害发生后稍微延迟提供的人道主义援助。此外,研究没有发现西非经货联盟国家官方发展援助偿还贷款中与自然灾害有关的债务减免的证据。因此,西非经货联盟国家继续在灾害年份偿还官方发展援助贷款,同时接受人道主义援助。在调查期间,西非经货联盟国家的平均官方发展援助贷款偿还额将足够高,使西非经货联盟各国政府有足够的手段应对自然灾害。因此,区域合作中心可以成为西非经货联盟国家感兴趣的灾害风险融资工具。联合国、国际货币基金组织和2018年七国集团峰会都强调了发展RCC等灾害应急金融工具。
After natural disasters, governments in developing countries often depend largely on humanitarian aid from donors and Development Finance Institutions (DFI). At the same time disaster affected developing countries repay public loans to donors and DFI (ODA loans). It is, hence, plausible to assume that risk contingent credit (RCC) which is widely discussed in agricultural and development economic literature might also bear potential for sovereign disaster risk finance. RCC allow a partial debt relief if ex ante defined risk events (e.g., natural disasters) occur. There would be especially potential for RCC if ODA loans are not risk-contingent. This study therefore tests for the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and based on panel data estimations with natural disaster, humanitarian aid, and public debt repayment data 1) if WAEMU countries depend on humanitarian aid after natural disasters, and 2) if in disaster years partial debt reliefs are granted with ODA loan repayments. The study finds that in disaster years WAEMU countries depend on humanitarian aid which is provided but with a slight delay after the natural disaster has occurred. Furthermore the study finds no evidence for natural disaster-related debt relief on ODA loan repayments in WAEMU countries. Hence WAEMU countries continue repaying ODA loans in disaster years whilst at the same time they receive humanitarian aid. The average ODA loan repayment in the investigated period for the WAEMU countries would be sufficiently high to provide WAEMU governments with enough means to respond to natural disasters. RCC could, hence, be an interesting disaster risk financing instrument for WAEMU countries. The development of disaster contingent financial instruments such as RCC was highlighted by the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and also the 2018 G7 summit.
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