Myxococcus xanthus as a Model Organism for Peptidoglycan Assembly and Bacterial Morphogenesis.
Myxococcus xanthus as a Model Organism for Peptidoglycan Assembly and Bacterial Morphogenesis.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms9050916
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发表时间：
2021-04-24
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Nan B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang H;Venkatesan S;Nan B
生物学中的一个基本问题是细胞形状是如何遗传编码和酶促生成的。壁状细菌的常见形状包括球形和杆状。这些形状主要由肽聚糖（PG）细胞壁决定。细菌分裂产生两个子细胞，其形状由母体预先确定。这使得探索健康细菌中细胞形状的起源变得困难。在这篇综述中，我们认为，革兰氏阴性细菌粘球菌是一个理想的模型，了解PG组装和细菌形态发生，因为它形成杆和球在不同的生命阶段。M. xanthus能彻底降解PG并形成球形孢子。当这些孢子萌发时，细胞重建它们的PG并在没有预先存在的模板的情况下重建杆状。这样一个独特的球棒过渡提供了一个难得的机会，可视化从头PG组装和杆状形态发生在一个完善的模式生物。
A fundamental question in biology is how cell shapes are genetically encoded and enzymatically generated. Prevalent shapes among walled bacteria include spheres and rods. These shapes are chiefly determined by the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. Bacterial division results in two daughter cells, whose shapes are predetermined by the mother. This makes it difficult to explore the origin of cell shapes in healthy bacteria. In this review, we argue that the Gram-negative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus is an ideal model for understanding PG assembly and bacterial morphogenesis, because it forms rods and spheres at different life stages. Rod-shaped vegetative cells of M. xanthus can thoroughly degrade their PG and form spherical spores. As these spores germinate, cells rebuild their PG and reestablish rod shape without preexisting templates. Such a unique sphere-to-rod transition provides a rare opportunity to visualize de novo PG assembly and rod-like morphogenesis in a well-established model organism.
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