Placebo-induced analgesia in an operant pain model in rats.

Placebo-induced analgesia in an operant pain model in rats.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.026
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发表时间:
2012-10
期刊:
影响因子:
7.4
通讯作者:
Neubert JK
Neubert JK
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nolan TA;Price DD;Caudle RM;Murphy NP;Neubert JK

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镇痛特别容易受到安慰剂反应的影响。最近的人类研究为安慰剂诱导镇痛的神经生物学提供了重要的见解。然而,由于使用细胞、分子和基因操作的能力有限,人类研究对安慰剂镇痛提供了不完整的机制解释。为了解决这个缺点,我们在这里描述了在操作性疼痛测定中条件镇痛的大鼠模型的开发。具体来说,让大鼠习惯性地将安慰剂操作与 1 mg/kg 吗啡(皮下注射)对面部热痛的镇痛效果联系起来。我们发现条件(安慰剂)反应具有安慰剂诱导镇痛的三个特征:(1)动物间反应存在强烈差异,(2)阿片类拮抗剂纳洛酮(5 mg/kg,皮下注射)的抑制,以及(3)非条件镇痛效果与条件(安慰剂)镇痛效果之间存在正向预测关系。由于该测定的操作性以及仅使用温和的有害热刺激,我们建议这些结果为利用情感行为终点的临床前模型中安慰剂诱导的镇痛提供了证据。这一发现可能为侵入性临床前研究提供机会,使人们能够更好地了解安慰剂引起的镇痛,从而为利用其益处铺平道路。
Analgesia is particularly susceptible to placebo responses. Recent studies in humans have provided important insights into the neurobiology underlying placebo-induced analgesia. However, human studies provide incomplete mechanistic explanations of placebo analgesia because of limited capacity to use cellular, molecular, and genetic manipulations. To address this shortcoming, we describe here the development of a rat model of conditioned analgesia in an operant pain assay. Specifically, rats were conditioned to associate a placebo manipulation with the analgesic effect of 1 mg/kg morphine (s.c.) on facial thermal pain. We found that conditioned (placebo) responding bore three of the hallmarks of placebo-induced analgesia: (1) strong inter-animal variability in the response, (2) suppression by the opiate antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg, s.c.), and (3) a positive predictive relationship between the unconditioned analgesic effect and the conditioned (placebo) effect. Due to the operant nature of the assay and the use of only a mild noxious thermal stimulus, we suggest these results provide evidence of placebo-induced analgesia in a preclinical model that utilizes an affective behavioral endpoint. This finding may provide opportunities for invasive preclinical studies allowing greater understanding of placebo-induced analgesia, thus paving the way for avenues to harness its benefits.
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