Challenges Facing a Rural Opioid Epidemic: Treatment and Prevention of HIV and Hepatitis C.

Challenges Facing a Rural Opioid Epidemic: Treatment and Prevention of HIV and Hepatitis C.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11904-018-0393-0
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发表时间:
2018-06
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Miller WC
Miller WC
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schranz AJ;Barrett J;Hurt CB;Malvestutto C;Miller WC

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This article reviews recent epidemiologic trends in HIV and HCV and strategies for treatment and prevention of these infections as they relate to the opioid epidemic. Among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States (US), HIV diagnoses are decreasing while HCV is increasing. Care for HIV and HCV relies heavily on specialist infrastructure, which is lacking in rural areas. Antiretrovirals for HIV and direct-acting antivirals for HCV are effective among PWID, yet multiple barriers make it difficult for rural injectors to access these treatments. Similarly, access to syringe service programs, medication assisted therapy for opioid addiction, and pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV are all limited in rural areas. Previous research on HIV and HCV among PWID has focused on urban or international populations, yet the US opioid epidemic is moving away from metropolitan centers. Increasing rurality of opioid injection brings unique challenges in treatment and prevention. Research into the care of HIV, HCV and opioid use disorder among rural populations is urgently needed.
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