Metal resistance or tolerance? Acidophiles confront high metal loads via both abiotic and biotic mechanisms.
Metal resistance or tolerance? Acidophiles confront high metal loads via both abiotic and biotic mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00157
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Holmes DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dopson M;Ossandon FJ;Lövgren L;Holmes DS
所有金属在高浓度下都是有毒的，因此必须调节其细胞内浓度。极端嗜酸微生物的最适生长pH <3，并在自然和人为的低pH环境中增殖。一些嗜酸菌参与了硫化物矿物溶解的催化作用，导致溶液中金属的高浓度。嗜酸菌通常被描述为通过诸如比嗜酸菌中存在的多个和/或更有效的活性抗性系统的机制而具有高度的金属抗性。然而，并非所有嗜酸菌都是如此，我们认为它们在高金属浓度下的生长部分是由于它们所生活的环境的内在耐受性。从这个角度来看，我们强调了通过硫酸根离子与游离金属络合的金属耐受性以及通过内部正细胞质跨膜电位对金属流入的被动耐受性。这些耐受机制在过去的嗜酸菌在金属存在下生长的研究中被很大程度上忽略了，应该考虑在内。
All metals are toxic at high concentrations and consequently their intracellular concentrations must be regulated. Extremely acidophilic microorganisms have an optimum growth of pH <3 and proliferate in natural and anthropogenic low pH environments. Some acidophiles are involved in the catalysis of sulfide mineral dissolution, resulting in high concentrations of metals in solution. Acidophiles are often described as highly metal resistant via mechanisms such as multiple and/or more efficient active resistance systems than are present in neutrophiles. However, this is not the case for all acidophiles and we contend that their growth in high metal concentrations is partially due to an intrinsic tolerance as a consequence of the environment in which they live. In this perspective, we highlight metal tolerance via complexation of free metals by sulfate ions and passive tolerance to metal influx via an internal positive cytoplasmic transmembrane potential. These tolerance mechanisms have been largely ignored in past studies of acidophile growth in the presence of metals and should be taken into account.
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