Introduction to JINS Special Issue on Human Brain Connectivity in the Modern Era: Relevance to Understanding Health and Disease.
Introduction to JINS Special Issue on Human Brain Connectivity in the Modern Era: Relevance to Understanding Health and Disease.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617716000047
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rao SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barch DM;Verfaellie M;Rao SM
去年(2015年)是为了纪念诺曼·格施温德在《大脑》杂志上发表关于“动物和人类的分离综合征”的开创性论文50周年(格施温德，1965a，1965b)。在过去的50年里，可用于在体评估人脑结构和功能连通性的工具和技术取得了巨大的进步，包括用于检查脑结构连通性的扩散成像，以及用于了解脑功能连通性的功能磁共振成像(FMRI)、脑电(EEG)和脑磁图(MEG)方法。这导致我们对人脑连接的核心原则及其与健康中的认知、情感、运动和感觉功能的关系的理解显著增加，最近在临床人群中也是如此。在新的成像技术的推动下，这种对大脑-行为关系的增强理解反映了一个根本的概念转变。检查与任务相关的大脑激活的基础和翻译研究在我们理解特定认知和情感过程的神经基础以及这些过程在与大脑功能受损相关的条件下如何出错方面提供了显著的信息。然而，随着时间的推移，很明显，任何特定的认知或情感过程很少只需要一个单一的大脑区域，也很少有任何特定形式的认知或行为障碍只与单一大脑区域的破坏有关。此外，基础神经科学研究早就清楚地表明，在任何单独的大脑区域(或任何单独的神经元！)是大脑不同区域输入和输出的结果。这种认识导致人们将注意力转移到神经回路上，而不是特定的大脑区域上。更具体地说，这种转变转向了关于不同大脑区域之间以及不同大脑区域之间在健康中产生成功的认知和情感功能的关系，以及回路水平的异常如何有助于特定神经心理障碍的发展和维持的问题。关于大脑振荡在协调神经网络内部和之间的活动方面的作用的工作日益增多(Canille，2015；Ketz，Jensen，&O‘Reilly，
Last year (2015) commemorated the 50th anniversary of Norman Geschwind’s seminal papers in Brain on “Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man”(Geschwind, 1965a, 1965b). In the past 50 years, huge advances have occurred in the tools and technologies available for the in vivo assessment of both structural and functional connectivity in the human brain, including diffusion imaging for examining structural brain connectivity, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and magneto-encephalogram (MEG) approaches to understanding functional brain connectivity. This has led to a dramatic increase in our understanding of the core principles of human brain connectivity and their relationship to cognitive, emotional, motor, and sensory function in health, and more recently, in clinical populations. Facilitated by the availability of novel imaging techniques, this enhanced understanding of brain–behavior relationships reflects a fundamental conceptual shift. Basic and translational research examining task-related brain activation has been remarkably informative in terms of our understanding of the neural substrates of particular cognitive and affective processes and how these may go awry in conditions associated with impaired brain function. However, over time, it has become clear that rarely does any particular cognitive or affective process require only a single brain region, and rarely is any particular form of cognitive or behavioral dysfunction associated with disruption of only a single brain region. Furthermore, basic neuroscience research has long made it clear that activity in any individual brain region (or any individual neuron!) is the result of inputs from and outputs to different areas of the brain. Such realizations have led to a shift in focus on neural circuits rather than on specific brain regions. More specifically, this shift has been to questions about the relationship between and among different brain regions in producing successful cognitive and affective function in health, and the ways in which abnormalities at the level of circuits contribute to the development and maintenance of specific neuropsychological impairments. The growing work on the role of brain oscillations in coordinating activity within and between neutral networks (Canavier, 2015; Ketz, Jensen, & O’Reilly,
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
Raichle, ME
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Laird AR;Fox PM;Eickhoff SB;Turner JA;Ray KL;McKay DR;Glahn DC;Beckmann CF;Smith SM;Fox PT
通讯作者：
Fox PT
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
GERSTEIN, GL;PERKEL, DH;SUBRAMANIAN, KN
通讯作者：
SUBRAMANIAN, KN
影响因子：
14.5
作者：
GESCHWIN.N
通讯作者：
GESCHWIN.N
影响因子：
14.5
作者：
GESCHWIN.N
通讯作者：
GESCHWIN.N