DNA-based watermarks using the DNA-Crypt algorithm.
DNA-based watermarks using the DNA-Crypt algorithm.
复制标题
使用DNA-Crypt算法的基于DNA的水印。
DOI：
10.1186/1471-2105-8-176
复制
发表时间：
2007-05-29
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Barnekow, Angelika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heider, Dominik;Barnekow, Angelika
本文的目的是展示基于DNA序列的水印在识别受专利保护的转基因生物（gmo）的未经授权使用中的应用。基因组中预测的突变可以通过DNA-Crypt程序进行纠正，使加密信息保持完整。现有的DNA密码和隐写算法使用合成DNA序列来存储二进制信息，然而，尽管这些序列可以用于身份验证，但当它们被引入生物体时，可能会改变目标DNA序列。DNA-Crypt算法和图像隐写基于相同的水印隐藏原理，即在DNA-Crypt中使用最低有效碱基，在图像隐写中使用最低有效位。它可以与二进制加密算法如AES、RSA或Blowfish结合使用。DNA- crypt能够通过几种突变纠正代码（如Hamming-code或WDH-code）来纠正目标DNA中的突变。不经常发生的突变可能会破坏加密信息，但是集成模糊控制器基于三个输入维度决定一组启发式，并建议是否使用纠正码。这三个输入维度分别是序列的长度、个体突变率和随时间的稳定性，用代数来表示。在酿酒酵母中使用Ypt7进行的计算机实验表明，DNA- crypt产生的DNA水印不会改变mRNA转化为蛋白质的过程。该程序能够在生物体中存储水印，并能够通过自身纠正突变来保持原始信息。成对或多序列比对表明，DNA-Crypt在序列之间产生的错配与所有隐写算法相似。
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of watermarks based on DNA sequences to identify the unauthorized use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) protected by patents. Predicted mutations in the genome can be corrected by the DNA-Crypt program leaving the encrypted information intact. Existing DNA cryptographic and steganographic algorithms use synthetic DNA sequences to store binary information however, although these sequences can be used for authentication, they may change the target DNA sequence when introduced into living organisms. The DNA-Crypt algorithm and image steganography are based on the same watermark-hiding principle, namely using the least significant base in case of DNA-Crypt and the least significant bit in case of the image steganography. It can be combined with binary encryption algorithms like AES, RSA or Blowfish. DNA-Crypt is able to correct mutations in the target DNA with several mutation correction codes such as the Hamming-code or the WDH-code. Mutations which can occur infrequently may destroy the encrypted information, however an integrated fuzzy controller decides on a set of heuristics based on three input dimensions, and recommends whether or not to use a correction code. These three input dimensions are the length of the sequence, the individual mutation rate and the stability over time, which is represented by the number of generations. In silico experiments using the Ypt7 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows that the DNA watermarks produced by DNA-Crypt do not alter the translation of mRNA into protein. The program is able to store watermarks in living organisms and can maintain the original information by correcting mutations itself. Pairwise or multiple sequence alignments show that DNA-Crypt produces few mismatches between the sequences similar to all steganographic algorithms.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Arita, M;Ohashi, Y
通讯作者：
Ohashi, Y
影响因子：
--
作者：
ZADEH, LA
通讯作者：
ZADEH, LA
影响因子：
8.1
作者：
ZADEH, LA
通讯作者：
ZADEH, LA
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Watzke, A;Brunsveld, L;Waldmann, H
通讯作者：
Waldmann, H
DOI：
10.1016/s0020-7373(75)80002-2
发表时间：
1975-01-01
期刊：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MAN-MACHINE STUDIES
影响因子：
--
作者：
MAMDANI, EH;ASSILIAN, S
通讯作者：
ASSILIAN, S