Different walls for rods and balls: the diversity of peptidoglycan.
Different walls for rods and balls: the diversity of peptidoglycan.
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DOI：
10.1111/mmi.12513
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Foster SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turner RD;Vollmer W;Foster SJ
肽聚糖在大多数细菌的细胞壁中起着抵抗膨压的重要作用。它决定了细胞的形状，它的生物合成是许多重要抗生素的目标。肽聚糖的基本化学结构单元是保守的：由肽交联的重复二糖。然而，这些块有许多品种，可以以不同的方式组装。因此，除了基本的相似性，惊人的化学，组织和建筑的多样性被揭示出来。在这里，我们跟踪我们目前对肽聚糖的理解的演变，并支持技术和方法的发展。化学多样性的起源和功能进行了讨论与一些研究的例子物种。然后，我们探讨这种化学是如何表现在优雅和复杂的肽聚糖组织，这是如何解释在不同的，有时有争议的建筑模型。我们认为，新兴技术带来的可能性，实现了完整的了解肽聚糖化学，通过架构，在其中不同的物种和群体的细胞满足的挑战，维持生存能力和生长在他们的环境小生境，通过利用生物工程的多功能性肽聚糖。
Peptidoglycan performs the essential role of resisting turgor in the cell walls of most bacteria. It determines cell shape, and its biosynthesis is the target for many important antibiotics. The fundamental chemical building blocks of peptidoglycan are conserved: repeating disaccharides cross-linked by peptides. However, these blocks come in many varieties and can be assembled in different ways. So beyond the fundamental similarity, prodigious chemical, organizational and architectural diversity is revealed. Here, we track the evolution of our current understanding of peptidoglycan and underpinning technical and methodological developments. The origin and function of chemical diversity is discussed with respect to some well-studied example species. We then explore how this chemistry is manifested in elegant and complex peptidoglycan organization and how this is interpreted in different and sometimes controversial architectural models. We contend that emerging technology brings about the possibility of achieving a complete understanding of peptidoglycan chemistry, through architecture, to the way in which diverse species and populations of cells meet the challenges of maintaining viability and growth within their environmental niches, by exploiting the bioengineering versatility of peptidoglycan.
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