Functional screening of willow alleles in Arabidopsis combined with QTL mapping in willow (Salix) identifies SxMAX4 as a coppicing response gene.
Functional screening of willow alleles in Arabidopsis combined with QTL mapping in willow (Salix) identifies SxMAX4 as a coppicing response gene.
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DOI：
10.1111/pbi.12154
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Karp A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salmon J;Ward SP;Hanley SJ;Leyser O;Karp A
杨柳（Salix spp.）是一种重要的生物质作物，因其具有低肥料投入快速生长和易于在短轮作森林循环中栽培的能力。它们是相对未驯化和高度多样化的，但在树木中识别有用的等位基因变异的功能测试是耗时的，而且在柳树中还不可能进行转化。拟南芥被认为是一种模式植物，从这种模式植物中可以转移知识来促进不太容易处理的物种的改进。本文利用拟南芥的知识和方法，成功地鉴定了影响copcoped柳树茎数的基因，这是一个具有关键生物学和工业意义的复杂性状。与独角甾内酯相关的多腋窝生长（MAX）基因被认为是候选基因，因为它们在茎枝分枝中起作用。我们之前已经证明，柳树和拟南芥对独角麦内酯表现出相似的反应，并且利用柳树基因的拟南芥max突变体的转化拯救可以检测等位基因差异。本研究利用该方法从11个不同枝支性状的定位群体的15个亲本中筛选出45个SxMAX1、SxMAX2、SxMAX3和SxMAX4等位基因。单核苷酸多态性（SNP）频率与位点相关，在29.2 ~ 74.3个多态性位点/ kb之间。SxMAX等位基因在氨基酸水平上具有98%-99%的保守性，但鉴定出了不同的蛋白产物，其拯救拟南芥max突变体的能力各不相同。一个较差的拯救等位基因SxMAX4D在柳树定位群体中分离，其存在与继代后枝条再生增加有关，并与该性状的QTL相匹配。
Willows (Salix spp.) are important biomass crops due to their ability to grow rapidly with low fertilizer inputs and ease of cultivation in short-rotation coppice cycles. They are relatively undomesticated and highly diverse, but functional testing to identify useful allelic variation is time-consuming in trees and transformation is not yet possible in willow. Arabidopsis is heralded as a model plant from which knowledge can be transferred to advance the improvement of less tractable species. Here, knowledge and methodologies from Arabidopsis were successfully used to identify a gene influencing stem number in coppiced willows, a complex trait of key biological and industrial relevance. The strigolactone-related More AXillary growth (MAX) genes were considered candidates due to their role in shoot branching. We previously demonstrated that willow and Arabidopsis show similar response to strigolactone and that transformation rescue of Arabidopsis max mutants with willow genes could be used to detect allelic differences. Here, this approach was used to screen 45 SxMAX1, SxMAX2, SxMAX3 and SxMAX4 alleles cloned from 15 parents of 11 mapping populations varying in shoot-branching traits. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies were locus dependent, ranging from 29.2 to 74.3 polymorphic sites per kb. SxMAX alleles were 98%–99% conserved at the amino acid level, but different protein products varying in their ability to rescue Arabidopsis max mutants were identified. One poor rescuing allele, SxMAX4D, segregated in a willow mapping population where its presence was associated with increased shoot resprouting after coppicing and colocated with a QTL for this trait.
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