Urban Climate Science for Planning Healthy Cities
Urban Climate Science for Planning Healthy Cities
复制标题
城市气候科学规划健康城市
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-87598-5_5
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cavan G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cavan G
城市绿色基础设施（GI）是一个众所周知的解决方案，可以增强对气候灾害的抵御能力，特别是通过绿色空间的气候调节功能，包括为城市降温和减缓径流，以及改善健康和福祉。家庭花园为城市中更大的地理信息系统网络做出了宝贵的贡献，然而，与公园等公共空间相比，对这些地区及其在城市气候调节中的作用的详细了解较少。环境模型需要与GI类型、结构和高度相关的详细信息，因为不同GI类型（例如割过的草、粗糙的草、灌木、树木）的功能在其对城市小气候的影响方面是可变的。虽然遥感分类技术可以区分广泛的植被和非植被类，他们不能识别不同的范围内的表面类型gardens.This章提出了一种新的方法来收集精细尺度的高质量的信息，城市家庭花园，以产生新的气候信息规划健康的城市，在案例研究城市曼彻斯特，英国。该方法将公民科学数据与高分辨率区域图像和环境建模相结合，以量化和绘制不同情景下的冷却潜力和径流衰减。研究发现，绿化花园可以降低未来热浪事件和地表水泛滥的风险，特别是在花园比例较高的社区。这一新的气候信息在与项目合作伙伴组织共同制定的行动计划中提出，并嵌入现有政策框架。市民的参与直接导致曼彻斯特采取积极的气候适应行动，因为居民承诺并在他们的花园内实施气候适应解决方案，例如用植被取代不透水的表面。该项目展示了科学家、规划者、政府、非政府组织、私营部门和公众之间的跨学科合作如何有助于应对城市作为健康环境所面临的挑战。
Urban green infrastructure (GI) is a well-known solution to enhance resilience to climate hazards, particularly through the climate regulating functions of green spaces including cooling the city and moderating runoff, in addition to improving health and wellbeing. Domestic gardens provide a valuable contribution to the larger GI network in cities, however, there is less detailed knowledge about these areas and their role in urban climate regulation, in comparison to publicly accessible spaces such as parks. Environmental models require detailed information relating to GI type, structure, and height, since the functionality of different GI types (e.g. mown grass, rough grass, shrubs, trees) is variable in its influence upon urban microclimate. Whilst remote sensing classification techniques can distinguish broad vegetated and non-vegetated classes, they cannot identify the diverse range of surface types within gardens.This chapter presents a novel approach to collecting fine-scale high quality information on urban domestic gardens to produce new climate information for planning healthy cities, within the case study city of Manchester, UK. The approach combines citizen science data with high resolution areal imagery and environmental modelling, to quantify and map cooling potential and runoff attenuation under different scenarios. This found that greening gardens could be the solution to reducing future risk of heat wave events and surface water flooding, particularly in neighbourhoods with a high proportion of gardens.This new climate information was presented in an action plan, co-developed with project partner organisations, embedded within the existing policy framework. Engagement of citizens directly led to positive climate resilient actions within Manchester as residents pledged and implemented climate adaptation solutions within their gardens, such as replacing impervious surfaces with vegetation. This project demonstrates how cross-disciplinary collaboration among scientists, planners, government, non-governmental organizations, the private sector and the general public helps to address the challenges that lie ahead for cities as healthy environments.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
G. Mills
通讯作者：
G. Mills
认知联系和决策能力如何影响部门专家对适应气候知识的认识
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
M. Skelton
通讯作者：
M. Skelton
热响应规划的协作方法：了解城市气候学与土地利用规划整合的案例研究
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mariana B.A. Fragomeni;S. Bernardes;J. M. Shepherd;R. Rivero
通讯作者：
R. Rivero
雅典健康城市宣言。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
Journal of Public Health Medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
D. Avramopoulos;J. Asvall
通讯作者：
J. Asvall
DOI：
10.1093/pubmed/fdw085
发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
Journal of public health (Oxford, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Prüss-Ustün A;Wolf J;Corvalán C;Neville T;Bos R;Neira M
通讯作者：
Neira M