Genetics of ecological divergence during speciation.
Genetics of ecological divergence during speciation.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature13301
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发表时间：
2014-07-17
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Schluter, Dolph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnegard, Matthew E.;McGee, Matthew D.;Matthews, Blake;Marchinko, Kerry B.;Conte, Gina L.;Kabir, Sahriar;Bedford, Nicole;Bergek, Sara;Chan, Yingguang Frank;Jones, Felicity C.;Kingsley, David M.;Peichel, Catherine L.;Schluter, Dolph
生态差异往往在物种形成的早期就开始演变，因为不同的自然选择驱使人们适应不同的生态位，最终导致生殖隔离。虽然这一过程是生物多样性的主要来源，但人们对其遗传基础仍知之甚少。本研究通过绘制半自然条件下表型性状对杂交摄食和生产性能的环境依赖效应，研究了三刺鱼同域物种对生态位分化的遗传结构。我们发现，多个非连锁的基因座在很大程度上决定了这些新近分化的物种沿着主要生态位轴的位置。我们还发现，表型性状之间的功能不匹配使一些棘鱼杂交种的生长超出了中间表型的预期，这表明潜在基因之间存在上位性作用。这种功能不匹配可能导致杂交不相容，类似于潜在的内在生殖隔离，但这取决于生态环境。
Ecological differences often evolve early in speciation as divergent natural selection drives adaptation to distinct ecological niches, leading ultimately to reproductive isolation. Though this process is a major generator of biodiversity, its genetic basis remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the genetic architecture of niche differentiation in a sympatric species pair of threespine stickleback fish by mapping the environment-dependent effects of phenotypic traits on hybrid feeding and performance under semi-natural conditions. We show that multiple, unlinked loci act largely additively to determine position along the major niche axis separating these recently diverged species. We also find that functional mismatch between phenotypic traits reduces growth of some stickleback hybrids beyond that expected from an intermediate phenotype, suggesting a role for epistasis between the underlying genes. This functional mismatch might lead to hybrid incompatibilities that are analogous to those underlying intrinsic reproductive isolation but that depend on the ecological context.
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