Hypertension management and microvascular insulin resistance in diabetes.

Hypertension management and microvascular insulin resistance in diabetes.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11906-010-0114-6
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发表时间:
2010-08
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Liu, Zhenqi
Liu, Zhenqi
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ko, Seung-Hyun;Cao, Wenhong;Liu, Zhenqi

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2型糖尿病本质上是一种血管疾病,经常与高血压、大血管事件和微血管并发症相关。微血管功能障碍,包括受损的募集和毛细血管稀疏,已被牵连在糖尿病并发症的发病机制。微血管胰岛素抵抗和肾素-血管紧张素系统上调存在于糖尿病中,并且各自有助于高血压和微血管功能障碍的发展。在胰岛素敏感状态下,胰岛素通过增加内皮一氧化氮的产生来增加微血管灌注,但这种作用被胰岛素抵抗所消除。血管紧张素II通过1型受体起作用,诱导炎症和氧化应激,导致胰岛素信号传导受损、一氧化氮可用性降低和血管收缩。相反,它作用于2型受体,引起血管舒张。由于底物和激素交换发生在微血管系统中,以改善微血管胰岛素敏感性和功能为目标的降压药可能具有超出其降低糖尿病患者血压能力的有益作用。
Type 2 diabetes is in essence a vascular disease and is frequently associated with hypertension, macrovascular events, and microvascular complications. Microvascular dysfunction, including impaired recruitment and capillary rarefaction, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Microvascular insulin resistance and renin-angiotensin system upregulation are present in diabetes, and each contributes to the development of hypertension and microvascular dysfunction. In the insulin-sensitive state, insulin increases microvascular perfusion by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, but this effect is abolished by insulin resistance. Angiotensin II, acting via the type 1 receptors, induces inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to impaired insulin signaling, reduced nitric oxide availability, and vasoconstriction. Conversely, it acts on the type 2 receptors to cause vasodilatation. Because substrate and hormonal exchanges occur in the microvasculature, antihypertensive agents targeted to improve microvascular insulin sensitivity and function may have beneficial effects beyond their capacity to lower blood pressure in patients with diabetes.
血管紧张素 II 1 型和 2 型受体调节基底骨骼肌微血管容量和葡萄糖使用
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