Olfactory Neuron Patterning and Specification.
Olfactory Neuron Patterning and Specification.
复制标题
嗅觉神经元模式和规范。
DOI：
10.1016/b978-008045046-9.01046-9
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Calof,AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beites,CL;Kawauchi,S;Calof,AL
在陆生脊椎动物中，嗅觉系统的初级中继神经元包含在头部的两个专门的感觉上皮中-主嗅上皮（OE）和犁鼻感觉上皮，主嗅上皮（OE）衬于鼻腔并参与气味的检测，犁鼻感觉上皮（OE）衬于犁鼻器（VNO;位于鼻中隔前腹区域的豆状结构）并介导非挥发性信息素的检测（图1（a））。嗅觉受体神经元（ORN）的胞体位于OE和VNO的上皮细胞内。ORN是双极初级感觉神经元：它们具有顶端树突，具有延伸到鼻腔或VNO腔中的纤毛或微绒毛覆盖的表面，并且它们延伸轴突，轴突与中枢神经系统内的神经元突触。在OE的情况下，ORN的轴突形成第一脑神经和前脑主嗅球（MOB）细胞上的突触。VNO的感觉神经元延伸轴突以形成犁鼻神经，犁鼻神经与副嗅球（AOB）突触，副嗅球是啮齿动物中紧邻MOB的突出结构。由于啮齿动物具有高度发达的嗅觉并且多年来一直被用作嗅觉研究的模式生物，本文提供的信息主要集中在啮齿动物中的OE和VNO的研究，特别是大鼠和小鼠。对小鼠突变体中初级嗅觉通路发育的研究表明，OE和VNO中的神经发生过程在很大程度上受相同基因的调节，所述基因由两种上皮细胞的神经元谱系中不同阶段的细胞表达（图1（B））。OE和VNO的相似之处还在于，一旦它们的结构在妊娠的最后三分之一建立起来，它们内部的神经细胞类型就排列成大致相当的层状组织（图1（c））。因此，在两种上皮中，神经干细胞和定向神经元祖细胞位于基底室（靠近基底膜，其形成感觉上皮和下层结缔组织基质（即固有层）之间的边界）。定向神经元祖细胞产生终末分化的感觉神经元（ORN），其包括两种上皮内的大部分细胞。两种感觉上皮内的另一种主要细胞类型是支持细胞或支持细胞，其在主OE中最具特征。支持细胞的细胞体位于OE的顶端室中的不同层中，
In terrestrial vertebrates, the primary relay neurons of the olfactory system are contained within two specialized sensory epithelia in the head–the main olfactory epithelium (OE), which lines the nasal cavity and is involved in detection of odors, and the vomeronasal sensory epithelium, which lines the vomeronasal organ (VNO; a bean-shaped structure located in the anterior–ventral region of the nasal septum) and mediates detection of nonvolatile pheromones (Figure 1 (a)). Cell bodies of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) lie within the epithelia of the OE and VNO. ORNs are bipolar primary sensory neurons: they have apical dendrites, with cilia-or microvilli-covered surfaces that extend into the nasal or VNO cavities, and they extend axons that synapse upon neurons within the central nervous system. In the case of the OE, the axons of ORNs form the first cranial nerve and synapse upon cells of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of the forebrain. The sensory neurons of the VNO extend axons to form the vomeronasal nerve, which synapses upon the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), a prominent structure in rodents that lies immediately adjacent to the MOB.Because rodents have a highly developed sense of smell and have been used for many years as model organisms in the study of olfaction, information provided in this article concentrates primarily on studies of OE and VNO in rodents, particularly rats and mice. Studies of primary olfactory pathway development in mouse mutants have shown that the process of neurogenesis in both the OE and the VNO is regulated to a large extent by the same genes, which are expressed by cells at distinct stages in the neuronal lineages of the two epithelia (Figure 1 (b)). The OE and VNO are also similar in that, once their structures are established during the final third of gestation, the neural cell types within them are arranged in roughly comparable laminar organizations (Figure 1 (c)). Thus, in both epithelia, neural stem cells and committed neuronal progenitors are located in the basal compartment (near the basement membrane, which forms the boundary between sensory epithelium and underlying connective tissue stroma–ie, the lamina propria). Committed neuronal progenitors give rise to terminally differentiated sensory neurons (ORNs), which comprise the majority of cells within both epithelia. Another major cell type within the two sensory epithelia is the supporting, or sustentacular, cell, best characterized in the main OE. The cell bodies of supporting cells lie in a distinct layer in the apical compartment of the OE and
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
CAGGIANO, M;KAUER, JS;HUNTER, DD
通讯作者：
HUNTER, DD
嗅觉细胞生物学
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Hawkes
通讯作者：
C. Hawkes
神经元再生：嗅觉系统的教训。
DOI：
10.1006/scdb.1999.0329
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
Seminars in cell & developmental biology.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Murray,RC;Calof,AL
通讯作者：
Calof,AL