Stalling or oiling the engines of diagnosis? Shifting perspectives on the DSM and categorical diagnosis in psychiatry.

Stalling or oiling the engines of diagnosis? Shifting perspectives on the DSM and categorical diagnosis in psychiatry.
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熄火或给诊断引擎加油?

DOI:
10.1111/1467-9566.13682
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发表时间:
2024
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Pickersgill M
Pickersgill M
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pickersgill M

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精神病学及其前身的诊断长期以来一直引起争论和异议。规范专业实践的尝试尤其与美国精神病学协会(APA)的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(DSM)有关。在这篇文章中,我将探讨具有制度性权力的社会行为者如何以重要的方式为塑造精神病学环境做出贡献,从而构建DSM和精神病学诊断的问题和目的。我认为,尽管人们普遍认为有影响力的精神病学家和相关利益相关者不加批判地采用DSM和其他分类诊断工具,但他们与这些工具的关系却更加微妙、矛盾,甚至令人担忧。然而,我也将表明,批评本身可以被折叠成精神病学思想的特定风格,而对生物医学和药物化的广泛关注几乎没有影响,甚至可能进一步加速这些进程。此外,由于对DSM的专业批评经常强调其普遍性和巩固性,当定位于反对正在使用该文本的隐含或明确的理由时,他们可能无意中促成了“必然性的话语”-作用于“油”而不是“停滞”Annemarie Jutel所说的“诊断引擎”。
Diagnosis in psychiatry and its precursors has long attracted debate and dissent. Attempts to discipline professional praxis are associated especially with the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). In this article, I explore how social actors with the institutional power to contribute in important ways to shaping psychiatric contexts construct the problems with and purposes of the DSM and of diagnosis in psychiatry. I suggest that despite common assumptions that influential psychiatrists and related stakeholders uncritically adopt the DSM and other tools of categorical diagnosis, their relationship with these is rather more nuanced, ambivalent, and even fraught. However, I will also show that critiques can themselves be folded into particular styles of psychiatric thought in ways that do little to impact wider concerns about biomedicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation—and might even further accelerate these processes. Moreover, since professional critiques of the DSM often underscore its ubiquity and entrenchment, when positioned against implicit or explicit justifications of the ongoing use of this text they might inadvertently contribute to a ‘discourse of inevitability’—acting to ‘oil’ rather than ‘stall’ what Annemarie Jutel terms the ‘engines of diagnosis’.
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