The Many Faces of Amphipathic Helices.

The Many Faces of Amphipathic Helices.
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DOI:
10.3390/biom8030045
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发表时间:
2018-07-05
期刊:
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Antonny B
Antonny B
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Giménez-Andrés M;Čopič A;Antonny B

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两亲性螺旋(AH)是许多蛋白质中发现的第二特征,由其结构以及螺旋两面之间疏水和极性残基的分离来定义。这种分离允许AH吸附在极性-非极性界面,如细胞器的脂质表面。使用不同的例子,我们在这里讨论如何在这个一般计划内的变化赋予膜相互作用的AH不同的界面特性。关键参数包括:(i)疏水残基的大小和它们的密度/螺旋圈;(ii)极性残基的性质、电荷和分布;和(iii)AH的长度。根据这些参数的调整方式,AH可以使脂质双层变形,感知膜曲率,识别特定脂质,包覆脂滴或保护膜免受应力。通过这些不同的机制,AH在许多细胞过程中发挥重要作用。
Amphipathic helices (AHs), a secondary feature found in many proteins, are defined by their structure and by the segregation of hydrophobic and polar residues between two faces of the helix. This segregation allows AHs to adsorb at polar–apolar interfaces such as the lipid surfaces of cellular organelles. Using various examples, we discuss here how variations within this general scheme impart membrane-interacting AHs with different interfacial properties. Among the key parameters are: (i) the size of hydrophobic residues and their density per helical turn; (ii) the nature, the charge, and the distribution of polar residues; and (iii) the length of the AH. Depending on how these parameters are tuned, AHs can deform lipid bilayers, sense membrane curvature, recognize specific lipids, coat lipid droplets, or protect membranes from stress. Via these diverse mechanisms, AHs play important roles in many cellular processes.
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