Alzheimer's disease: A matter of blood-brain barrier dysfunction?

Alzheimer's disease: A matter of blood-brain barrier dysfunction?
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DOI:
10.1084/jem.20171406
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发表时间:
2017-11-06
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zlokovic BV
Zlokovic BV
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Montagne A;Zhao Z;Zlokovic BV

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Montagne等人研究了血脑屏障(BBB)功能障碍在阿尔茨海默氏症神经变性中的作用,以及靶向BBB如何影响具有人APP、PSEN 1和TAU突变、APOE 4(主要遗传风险)和周细胞变性的转基因模型中神经系统疾病的进程,导致BBB完整性丧失。血脑屏障(BBB)将神经毒性血浆衍生成分、细胞和病原体挡在脑外。在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中,在痴呆、神经变性和/或脑萎缩发生之前,已经显示出早期BBB破坏和/或功能障碍。然而,BBB破坏在神经退行性疾病中的作用仍然没有完全理解。在这里,我们研究了经常用于研究AD病理生理学的动物模型中的BBB破坏,包括表达人淀粉样蛋白-β前体蛋白、早老素1和tau突变以及载脂蛋白E(AD最强的遗传风险因子)的转基因小鼠。我们讨论了BBB的崩溃和功能障碍在神经退行性过程中的作用,BBB测量的陷阱,以及如何靶向BBB可以影响神经系统疾病的过程。最后,我们评论未来的方法和模型,以更好地定义,在细胞和分子水平上,BBB崩溃和神经退行性变之间的潜在机制,作为开发新的治疗BBB修复控制神经退行性变的基础。
Montagne et al. examine the role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration and how targeting the BBB can influence the course of neurological disorder in transgenic models with human APP, PSEN1 and TAU mutations, APOE4 (major genetic risk), and pericyte degeneration causing loss of BBB integrity. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) keeps neurotoxic plasma-derived components, cells, and pathogens out of the brain. An early BBB breakdown and/or dysfunction have been shown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) before dementia, neurodegeneration and/or brain atrophy occur. However, the role of BBB breakdown in neurodegenerative disorders is still not fully understood. Here, we examine BBB breakdown in animal models frequently used to study the pathophysiology of AD, including transgenic mice expressing human amyloid-β precursor protein, presenilin 1, and tau mutations, and apolipoprotein E, the strongest genetic risk factor for AD. We discuss the role of BBB breakdown and dysfunction in neurodegenerative process, pitfalls in BBB measurements, and how targeting the BBB can influence the course of neurological disorder. Finally, we comment on future approaches and models to better define, at the cellular and molecular level, the underlying mechanisms between BBB breakdown and neurodegeneration as a basis for developing new therapies for BBB repair to control neurodegeneration.
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